Mitochondrial energetic failure underlies FLVCR1-related sensory neuropathy

Genetic pain loss disorders represent a heterogeneous group of rare diseases mainly characterized by defective nociception. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism is fundamental to improve the treatment of patients affected by these rare disorders. Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor 1 (FLVCR1) is one of the genes previously associated with sensory neuropathy that require further investigation. Here, we report on two additional patients with novel disease-causing variants in FLVCR1 and introduce a zebrafish model of the disease. The analyses of patient-derived fibroblasts showed that distinct FLVCR1 variants compromised all the known functions associated with FLVCR1, thus affecting choline levels, heme biosynthesis and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the alteration of these processes impairs TCA cycle and OXPHOS, and induces lipid peroxidation. Our data points to the alterations of energetic metabolism as a potential driving pathomechanism in FLVCR1-associated sensory neuropathy.