Improving the quality of napier grass silage with pyroligneous acid: Fermentation, aerobic stability and microbial communities

Undesirable microorganisms always lead to poor fermentation quality and low aerobic stability of silage. Pyroligneous acid, a by-product of biochar production, is known to have strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. To investigate the effects of Pyroligneous acid on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbial communities, napier grass was ensiled with or without 1% and 2% Pyroligneous acid for 30 days and then aerobically stored for 5 days.