Morphological Study of Bone Marrow in Visceral Leishmaniasis at SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar

Background: In Muzaffarpur district of Bihar, Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar), a parasitic illness spread by vectors, is widespread. global persistent febrile illness brought on with Leishmania Donovani (LD). More than 300 million residents of endemic regions are at high risk, and 14 million are afflicted with the illness. Methods: This prospective study, which examined the morphology of bone marrow aspirates taken from patients, was carried out on 75 patients over the course of nine months, from November 2020 to July 2021, at the pathology department of Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar. On glass slides, the aspirate was spread, fixed with alcohol, and stained with Giemsa. Results: The ratio of male to female participants was 1.02:1, with 38 male participants to 37 female individuals being the only significant difference. Most of the patients were between the ages of 1 and 15. Up to 45.2% of patients were between 1 and 5 years old. With a male to female ratio of 1.4:1, men in this age range were more affected than women. The majority of the patients came from the Muzaffarpur district. Bone marrow aspiration was simple, and the majority of patients had marrow fragments in the aspirate upon visual inspection. 100% of patients had extrahistiocytic LD bodies alone, 80% had extra and intrahistiocytic LD bodies, and 33.3% had intrahistiocytic LD bodies alone. In 53.4% and 26.6% of patients, the parasite index ranged from 1 to 10, respectively. Conclusion: The research area has an endemic case of visceral leishmaniasis. Despite being invasive, bone marrow analysis provides a direct microscopic diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis and may be used as necessary.