Percentage of 743 stream water samples collected across 155 sample sites on 12 U.S. Forest Service grazing allotments in northern California which exceeded water quality benchmarks relevant to the study area, specifically, and the nation, broadly.

Results are reported for samples collected across all sample sites (overall) as well as for samples collected at sample sites monitored to characterize specific resource use activities across the allotments.
*Indicates the most relevant and contemporary standards for this study.
aFecal coliform (FC) benchmark designated by Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (LRWQCB) (based on geometric mean (GM) of samples collected over a 30-day interval) [36].
bFC benchmark designated by North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (NCRWQCB) (based on a median of samples collected over a 30-day interval) [37].
cFC benchmark designated by Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board (CVRWQCB) (based on GM of samples collected over a 30-day interval) [35].
dFC benchmark designated by CVRWQCB and NCRWQCB (maximum threshold value not to be exceeded by more than 10% of samples over a 30-day interval) [35].
eE. coli benchmark designated by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [34] for an estimated illness rate of 32 per 1,000 primary contact recreators (based on GM of samples collected over a 30-day interval).
fE. coli benchmark designated by USEPA [34] for an estimated illness rate of 36 per 1,000 primary contact recreators (based on GM of samples collected over a 30-day interval).
gE. coli benchmark designated by USEPA [34] for an estimated illness rate of 32 per 1,000 primary contact recreators (for a single grab sample, approximates the 75th percentile of a water quality distribution based on desired GM).
hE. coli benchmark designated by USEPA [34] for an estimated illness rate of 36 per 1,000 primary contact recreators (for a single grab sample, approximates the 75th percentile of a water quality distribution based on desired GM).iE. coli benchmark designated by USEPA [34] for an estimated illness rate of 32 per 1,000 primary contact recreators (approximates the 90th percentile of a water quality distribution based on desired GM).
jE. coli benchmark designated by USEPA [34] for an estimated illness rate of 36 per 1,000 primary contact recreators (approximates the 90th percentile of a water quality distribution based on desired GM).k Maximum concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen (NO3-N) recommended by USEPA [38], [39].
lMaximum concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) recommended by USEPA [39], [40].
mMaximum concentrations of phosphate as phosphorus (PO4-P) recommended by USEPA [39], [41].