Nutritional, Anti-inflammatory, and in-silico inhibitory Studies of Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd and Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) on HER2 breast cancer protein

This study evaluated the phytochemical, nutritional, anti-inflammatory, and in-silico anticancer properties of T. versicolor and F. velutipes. Phytochemical screening revealed high levels of phenols, saponins, and flavonoids in both species. Nutritional profiling showed F.velutipes had higher energy (491.57 kcal/100g), protein (24.71%), and fiber (15.12%) contents when compared to T. versicolor (426.73 kcal/100g, 19.66% protein, 12.42% fiber). Both species contained significant potassium, magnesium, calcium, and vitamins (A, B2, C), with F. velutipes exhibiting significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of vitamin C (77.54 mg/100g) while T. versicolor also showed significantly higher vitamin B2 (2.46 mg/100g) values. Anti-inflammatory assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation, with T. versicolor achieving 62.5% inhibition at 500 μg/mL and F. velutipes outperforming prednisolone (28.65 vs. 12.16 μg/mL IC50 value). In-silico molecular docking against HER2 revealed promising anticancer potential: rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol from T. versicolor exhibited binding affinities (-5.88 to -5.78 kcal/mol) comparable to doxorubicin (-5.43 kcal/mol), while F. velutipes compounds orientin and catechin showed affinities of -5.24 and -5.70 kcal/mol. In conclusion, T. versicolor and F. velutipes contain diverse bioactive phytochemicals, a rich nutritional profile and significant anti-inflammatory activity and demonstrate promising anticancer potential in in-silico analysis, highlighting their potential as functional foods with therapeutic relevance.