Supplementary Material for: Abnormal Cochleovestibular Anatomy and Hearing Outcomes: Pediatric Patients with a Questionable Cochleovestibular Nerve Status May Benefit from Cochlear Implantation and/or Hearing Aids

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Imaging characteristics and hearing outcomes in children with cochleovestibular or cochleovestibular nerve (CVN) abnormalities. <b><i>Study Design:</i></b> Retrospective, critical review. <b><i>Setting:</i></b> Tertiary referral academic center. <b><i>Patients:</i></b> Twenty-seven children with CVN abnormalities with magnetic resonance (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT). <b><i>Study Intervention(s):</i></b> None. <b><i>Main Outcome Measure(s):</i></b> Determine the likely presence or absence of a CNV and auditory stimulation responses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Two of 27 cases had unilateral hearing loss, and all others had bilateral loss. Eleven (46%) were identified with a disability or additional condition. Twenty-two (42%) ears received a cochlear implant (CI) and 9 ears (17%) experienced no apparent benefit from the device. MRI acquisition protocols were suboptimal for identification of the nerve in 22 (42%) ears. A likely CVN absence was associated with a narrow cochlear aperture and internal auditory canal and cochlear malformation. Thirteen (48%) children with an abnormal nerve exhibited normal cochleae on the same side. Hearing data were available for 30 ears, and 25 ears (83%) exhibited hearing with or without an assistive device. One child achieved closed set speech recognition with a hearing aid, another with a CI. One child achieved open set speech recognition with a CI. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Current imaging cannot accurately characterize the functional status of the CVN or predict an assistive device benefit. Children who would have otherwise been denied a CI exhibited auditory responses after implantation. A CI should be considered in children with abnormal CVN. Furthermore, imaging acquisition protocols need standardization for clear temporal bone imaging.