Supplementary Material for: Isolated Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia Differs from Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia with Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes in Preterm Infants

Background: Cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL) is the most severe white matter injury and is often associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes of isolated cPVL and cPVL with low-grade and high-grade IVH in premature infants. Methods: From 2001 to 2012, 9,964 infants with Results: Of 7,805 infants with complete ultrasound data, 286 (3.7%) had cPVL. Among the cPVL infants, 93 (32.5%) were isolated, 118 (41.3%) had low-grade IVH and 75 (26.2%) had high-grade IVH. The risk of cPVL with IVH was significantly higher among infants with Conclusions: Isolated cPVL, cPVL with low-grade IVH and cPVL with high-grade IVH had different risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes, suggestive of different causal pathways.