WorldSpeech

# WorldSpeech A multilingual ASR dataset containing over 65k hours of human transcribed speech across 127 language-region variants, drawn from national parliaments, public broadcasters, public-domain audiobooks, and international institutions. Rows consist of 24 kHz speech utterances paired with a human-provided transcript, an aligned ASR transcript, character error rate (CER) between the two, a WADA-SNR estimate, and four DNSMOS-P.835 quality scores. ## Dataset Overview | Metric | Value | | :--- | :--- | | Total hours | 65,072 | | Distinct languages | 88 (76 above 10 hours) | | Language variations | 127 | | Languages ≥ 1,000 h | 24 | | Languages ≥ 500 h | 28 | | Languages ≥ 200 h | 37 | | Languages ≥ 50 h | 53 | | Avg DNSMOS-P.835 OVR | 2.83 | | Sample rate | 24 kHz | ## How to use ```python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("disco-eth/WorldSpeech", "nl_nl", split="train") row = ds[0] wav = row["audio"]["array"] sr = row["audio"]["sampling_rate"] text = row["human_transcript"] snr = row["snr"] dnsmos = row["dnsmos_ovr"] ``` ### Streaming ```python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("disco-eth/WorldSpeech", "nl_nl", split="train", streaming=True) for row in ds: wav = row["audio"]["array"] break ``` ## Schema | Field | Description | |---|---| | `audio` | OGG Opus decoded to `{"array": np.float32[N], "sampling_rate": 24000}` | | `human_transcript` | Human-provided transcript | | `asr_transcript` | ASR output used for alignment and CER computation | | `cer` | Character error rate between `asr_transcript` and `human_transcript` | | `snr` | WADA-SNR estimate, dB | | `dnsmos_sig` | DNSMOS-P.835 signal quality | | `dnsmos_bak` | DNSMOS-P.835 background noise | | `dnsmos_ovr` | DNSMOS-P.835 overall MOS | | `dnsmos_p808` | DNSMOS-P.808 MOS | | `duration` | Segment duration in seconds | | `source` | Source identifier (e.g. `parliament_nl`, `librivox`, `voa_hausa`) | | `source_url` | URL to the original recording | | `source_start_s` | Start offset within the source recording (seconds) | | `source_end_s` | End offset within the source recording (seconds) | | `session_date` | ISO-8601 date of the original recording | | `segment_id` | Unique identifier for this segment | | `language` | BCP-47 language tag | | `country` | ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (`un` / `va` for international) | ## Language Coverage | Config | Country | Language | Hours | DNSMOS OVR | |---|---|---|---|---| | `af_za` | South Africa | Afrikaans | 20.2 | 2.79 | | `am_et` | Ethiopia | Amharic | 39.6 | 3.11 | | `ar_bh` | Bahrain | Arabic | 272.5 | 2.72 | | `ar_dz` | Algeria | Arabic | 92.9 | 2.66 | | `ar_eg` | Egypt | Arabic | 22.0 | 2.86 | | `ar_iq` | Iraq | Arabic | 291.9 | 2.94 | | `ar_kw` | Kuwait | Arabic | 175.5 | 2.82 | | `ar_ma` | Morocco | Arabic | 78.3 | 2.68 | | `ar_sa` | Saudi Arabia | Arabic | 6.1 | 2.01 | | `ar_tn` | Tunisia | Arabic | 50.9 | 2.74 | | `ar_un` | United Nations | Arabic | 11.1 | 3.03 | | `as_in` | India | Assamese | 54.5 | 3.06 | | `az_az` | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani | 305.4 | 2.76 | | `be_by` | Belarus | Belarusian | 24.2 | 3.10 | | `bn_bd` | Bangladesh | Bengali | 46.1 | 3.03 | | `bn_in` | India | Bengali | 26.7 | 2.83 | | `ca_es` | Spain | Catalan | 1,171.0 | 2.99 | | `ckb_iq` | Iraq | Sorani Kurdish | 35.3 | 2.93 | | `cn_ug` | China | Uyghur | 200.0 | 2.86 | | `cnr_me` | Montenegro | Montenegrin | 47.9 | 2.98 | | `crs_sc` | Seychelles | Kreol Seselwa | 1,602.3 | 3.15 | | `cs_cz` | Czech Republic | Czech | 3,717.4 | 2.86 | | `de_at` | Austria | German | 1,077.5 | 2.93 | | `de_li` | Liechtenstein | German | 829.7 | 2.79 | | `dgo_in` | India | Dogri | 34.5 | 3.17 | | `dv_mv` | Maldives | Dhivehi | 20.0 | 2.92 | | `el_cy` | Cyprus | Greek | 394.4 | 2.90 | | `el_gr` | Greece | Greek | 35.9 | 3.37 | | `en_au` | Australia | English | 568.4 | 3.02 | | `en_jm` | Jamaica | English | 9.6 | 2.52 | | `en_ke` | Kenya | English | 170.0 | 2.97 | | `en_nz` | New Zealand | English | 435.7 | 2.68 | | `en_pk` | Pakistan | English | 8.5 | 2.28 | | `en_sl` | Sierra Leone | English | 102.4 | 2.70 | | `en_us` | USA | English | 3,725.9 | 2.85 | | `en_zm` | Zambia | English | 291.6 | 2.70 | | `eo` | (international) | Esperanto | 15.0 | 3.27 | | `es_ar` | Argentina | Spanish | 251.7 | 2.78 | | `es_cl` | Chile | Spanish | 1,740.5 | 2.94 | | `es_co` | Colombia | Spanish | 156.8 | 2.75 | | `es_es` | Spain | Spanish | 2,097.4 | 2.52 | | `es_mx` | Mexico | Spanish | 901.6 | 2.63 | | `es_pe` | Peru | Spanish | 387.4 | 2.63 | | `es_pr` | Puerto Rico | Spanish | 228.6 | 2.73 | | `es_py` | Paraguay | Spanish | 133.2 | 3.14 | | `es_uy` | Uruguay | Spanish | 894.4 | 2.94 | | `fa_ir` | Iran | Persian | 27.6 | 2.94 | | `ca_fr` | Canada | French | 5,989.3 | 2.88 | | `fr_cd` | DR Congo | French | 28.0 | 3.00 | | `fr_ci` | Côte d'Ivoire | French | 11.9 | 2.97 | | `ga_ie` | Ireland | Irish | 60.6 | 3.00 | | `grc_gr` | Greece | Ancient Greek | 1.3 | 3.25 | | `gu_in` | India | Gujarati | 27.2 | 3.09 | | `ha_ng` | Nigeria | Hausa | 54.9 | 2.88 | | `ha_td` | Chad | Hausa | 71.5 | 2.87 | | `he_il` | Israel | Hebrew | 41.8 | 3.21 | | `hi_in` | India | Hindi | 1,706.7 | 2.68 | | `hu_hu` | Hungary | Hungarian | 1,350.1 | 2.96 | | `hy_am` | Armenia | Armenian | 1,138.9 | 2.59 | | `id_id` | Indonesia | Indonesian | 340.0 | 2.95 | | `ig_ng` | Nigeria | Igbo | 40.7 | 3.31 | | `iu_ca` | Canada | Inuktitut | 33.8 | 2.81 | | `ja_jp` | Japan | Japanese | 1,387.2 | 2.86 | | `ka_ge` | Georgia | Georgian | 206.4 | 2.37 | | `kh_km` | Cambodia | Khmer | 1,323.0 | 2.85 | | `kk_kz` | Kazakhstan | Kazakh | 179.0 | 2.84 | | `kn_in` | India | Kannada | 30.2 | 3.19 | | `ko_kr` | South Korea | Korean | 1,454.1 | 3.07 | | `kok_in` | India | Konkani | 0.7 | 3.19 | | `la_lo` | Laos | Lao | 827.0 | 2.82 | | `la_va` | Vatican | Latin | 34.8 | 3.37 | | `lb_lu` | Luxembourg | Luxembourgish | 1,805.3 | 2.87 | | `mai_in` | India | Maithili | 9.6 | 3.19 | | `mfe_mu` | Mauritius | Mauritian Creole | 44.3 | 3.45 | | `mi_nz` | New Zealand | Māori | 1.6 | 2.85 | | `ml_in` | India | Malayalam | 56.7 | 3.10 | | `mm_my` | Myanmar | Burmese | 865.0 | 2.88 | | `mn_mn` | Mongolia | Mongolian | 181.0 | 2.80 | | `mr_in` | India | Marathi | 114.3 | 3.17 | | `ms_my` | Malaysia | Malay | 432.0 | 2.91 | | `ne_in` | India | Nepali | 5.7 | 2.94 | | `ne_np` | Nepal | Nepali | 58.0 | 2.79 | | `nl_be` | Belgium | Dutch (Flemish) | 960.5 | 2.59 | | `nl_nl` | Netherlands | Dutch | 4,497.6 | 3.00 | | `nr_za` | South Africa | Southern Ndebele | 0.2 | 2.60 | | `nso_za` | South Africa | Northern Sotho | 0.7 | 2.70 | | `om_et` | Ethiopia | Oromo | 16.3 | 3.06 | | `or_in` | India | Odia | 57.8 | 3.05 | | `pa_in` | India | Punjabi | 4.0 | 2.61 | | `pl_pl` | Poland | Polish | 2,731.9 | 2.70 | | `pt_br` | Brazil | Portuguese | 1,763.5 | 2.68 | | `rm_ch` | Switzerland | Romansh | 163.1 | 3.14 | | `ro_md` | Moldova | Romanian | 1,059.5 | 2.66 | | `ro_ro` | Romania | Romanian | 686.3 | 2.75 | | `ru_by` | Belarus | Russian | 2.9 | 2.79 | | `ru_ru` | Russia | Russian | 1,534.2 | 3.03 | | `rw_rw` | Rwanda | Kinyarwanda | 17.6 | 2.63 | | `rw_voa` | Rwanda | Kinyarwanda (VOA) | 14.5 | 2.77 | | `si_lk` | Sri Lanka | Sinhala | 154.0 | 2.40 | | `sm_ws` | Samoa | Samoan | 55.9 | 2.79 | | `sn_zw` | Zimbabwe | Shona | 18.2 | 2.88 | | `sq_al` | Albania | Albanian | 257.4 | 2.69 | | `sq_xk` | Kosovo | Albanian | 176.6 | 2.69 | | `ss_za` | South Africa | Swati | 0.1 | 2.84 | | `st_za` | South Africa | Sesotho | 0.4 | 2.67 | | `sv_ax` | Åland Islands | Swedish | 66.0 | 2.73 | | `sw_ke` | Kenya | Swahili | 257.4 | 2.93 | | `sw_tz` | Tanzania | Swahili | 748.8 | 2.33 | | `ta_in` | India | Tamil | 36.1 | 3.06 | | `ta_lk` | Sri Lanka | Tamil | 204.0 | 2.80 | | `te_in` | India | Telugu | 77.0 | 3.13 | | `th_th` | Thailand | Thai | 1,175.6 | 3.23 | | `ti_et` | Ethiopia | Tigrinya | 14.0 | 3.10 | | `tl_ph` | Philippines | Tagalog | 219.0 | 2.88 | | `tn_bw` | Botswana | Tswana | 49.7 | 2.88 | | `tn_za` | South Africa | Tswana | 0.9 | 2.69 | | `tr_tr` | Turkey | Turkish | 1,007.6 | 2.22 | | `ts_za` | South Africa | Tsonga | 0.2 | 2.75 | | `ur_in` | India | Urdu | 12.6 | 3.01 | | `ur_pk` | Pakistan | Urdu | 73.1 | 2.44 | | `uz_uz` | Uzbekistan | Uzbek | 33.7 | 2.84 | | `ve_za` | South Africa | Venda | 0.1 | 2.72 | | `vn_vi` | Vietnam | Vietnamese | 726.0 | 2.90 | | `xh_za` | South Africa | Xhosa | 10.1 | 2.74 | | `yue_hk` | Hong Kong | Cantonese | 1,943.5 | 3.02 | | `zh_tw` | Taiwan | Mandarin | 1,482.1 | 2.47 | | `zu_za` | South Africa | Zulu | 19.0 | 2.71 | | **Total** | — | — | **65,072.4** | **2.83** | ⚠️ Five configs (`kh_km` Khmer, `la_lo` Lao, `mm_my` Burmese, `vn_vi` Vietnamese, `cn_ug` Uyghur, sourced from Radio Free Asia include only metadata, transcripts, and source URLs. Audio must be downloaded separately from `source_url`. ## Citation If you use WorldSpeech in your research, please cite: ```bibtex @misc{asonitis2026worldspeechmultilingualspeechcorpus, title={WorldSpeech: A Multilingual Speech Corpus from Around the World}, author={Antonis Asonitis and Luca A. Lanzendörfer and Frédéric Berdoz and Roger Wattenhofer}, year={2026}, eprint={2605.09167}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09167}, } ``` ## Dataset License WorldSpeech is released under [CC BY-NC 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Individual source licenses apply per config and are listed in the [Licenses](#licenses) section. Where a source license is more restrictive than CC BY-NC 4.0, the more restrictive terms govern that config. ## Licenses | Config | Country / Language | License | Notes | |---|---|---|---| | `af_za` | South Africa / Afrikaans | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | | | `am_et` | Ethiopia / Amharic | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `ar_bh` | Bahrain / Arabic | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.nuwab.bh/) | | | `ar_dz` | Algeria / Arabic | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.apn.dz/) | | | `ar_eg` | Egypt / Arabic | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.eg/) | | | `ar_iq` | Iraq / Arabic | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://parliament.iq/) | | | `ar_kw` | Kuwait / Arabic | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.kna.kw/) | | | `ar_ma` | Morocco / Arabic | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parlement.ma/) | | | `ar_sa` | Saudi Arabia / Arabic | [Government Archive (Public Record)](https://www.gph.gov.sa/) | | | `ar_tn` | Tunisia / Arabic | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.tn/) | | | `ar_un` | United Nations / Arabic | [UN Official Records](https://www.un.org/en/about-us/copyright) | UN official records; non-commercial/research use per UN terms. Contact [e-mail] for commercial use. | | `as_in` | India / Assamese | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `az_az` | Azerbaijan / Azerbaijani | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `be_by` | Belarus / Belarusian | [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) | | | `bn_bd` | Bangladesh / Bengali | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `bn_in` | India / Bengali | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `ckb_iq` | Iraq / Sorani Kurdish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://parliament.iq/) | | | `cn_ug` | China / Uyghur | [RFA Terms of Use (non-commercial)](https://www.rfa.org/english/about/terms-of-use/) | Metadata only — audio not embedded. Download audio from `source_url`. Non-commercial research use; see RFA terms. | | `cnr_me` | Montenegro / Montenegrin | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.skupstina.me/) | | | `crs_sc` | Seychelles / Kreol Seselwa | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.nationalassembly.sc/) | | | `cs_cz` | Czech Republic / Czech | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.psp.cz/) | | | `cz_cs` | Czech Republic / Czech | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.senat.cz/) | Czech Senate (Senát Parlamentu ČR). | | `de_at` | Austria / German | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parlament.gv.at/rechtliches) | | | `de_li` | Liechtenstein / German | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.landtag.li/) | | | `dgo_in` | India / Dogri | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `dv_mv` | Maldives / Dhivehi | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://majlis.gov.mv/) | | | `el_cy` | Cyprus / Greek | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.cy/) | | | `el_gr` | Greece / Greek | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/) | | | `en_au` | Australia / English | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.aph.gov.au/Help/Disclaimer_Privacy_Copyright) | | | `en_jm` | Jamaica / English | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.japarliament.gov.jm/) | | | `en_ke` | Kenya / English | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.go.ke/) | | | `en_nz` | New Zealand / English | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.nz/en/footer/copyright/) | | | `en_sl` | Sierra Leone / English | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.sl/) | | | `en_us` | USA / English | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal proceedings (Congress.gov / C-SPAN public domain content). | | `en_zm` | Zambia / English | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.zm/) | | | `eo` | (international) / Esperanto | [CC0 1.0 (Public Domain)](https://librivox.org/pages/public-domain/) | | | `es_ar` | Argentina / Spanish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/) | | | `es_cl` | Chile / Spanish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.camara.cl/) | | | `es_co` | Colombia / Spanish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.camara.gov.co/) | | | `es_es` | Spain / Spanish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.congreso.es/) | | | `es_mx` | Mexico / Spanish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.congreso.gob.mx/) | | | `es_pe` | Peru / Spanish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.congreso.gob.pe/) | | | `es_pr` | Puerto Rico / Spanish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.camaraderepresentantes.org/) | | | `es_py` | Paraguay / Spanish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.congreso.gov.py/) | | | `es_uy` | Uruguay / Spanish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://parlamento.gub.uy/) | | | `fa_ir` | Iran / Persian | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `ca_fr` | Canada / French | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.assnat.qc.ca/) | | | `fr_cd` | DR Congo / French | [ICC Court Records](https://www.icc-cpi.int/disclaimer) | Public judicial proceedings of an international court; non-commercial/educational use per ICC terms. | | `fr_ci` | Cote d'Ivoire / French | [ICC Court Records](https://www.icc-cpi.int/disclaimer) | Public judicial proceedings of an international court; non-commercial/educational use per ICC terms. | | `ga_ie` | Ireland / Irish | [CC BY 4.0 (Oireachtas PSI Licence)](https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/open-data/license/) | | | `grc_gr` | Greece / Ancient Greek | [CC0 1.0 (Public Domain)](https://librivox.org/pages/public-domain/) | | | `gu_in` | India / Gujarati | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `ha_ng` | Nigeria / Hausa | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `ha_td` | Chad | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `he_il` | Israel / Hebrew | [CC0 1.0 (Public Domain)](https://librivox.org/pages/public-domain/) | LibriVox recordings (CC0) + Ben-Yehuda Project texts (public domain per Israeli copyright law). | | `hi_in` | India / Hindi | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://sansad.in/) | | | `hu_hu` | Hungary / Hungarian | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parlament.hu/) | | | `hy_am` | Armenia / Armenian | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.am/) | | | `id_id` | Indonesia / Indonesian | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `ig_ng` | Nigeria / Igbo | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `iu_ca` | Canada / Inuktitut | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.assembly.nu.ca/) | | | `ja_jp` | Japan / Japanese | [CC0 1.0 (Public Domain)](https://librivox.org/pages/public-domain/) | LibriVox recordings (CC0) + Aozora Bunko texts (public domain, 50yr Japanese law). | | `ka_ge` | Georgia / Georgian | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://parliament.ge/) | | | `kh_km` | Cambodia / Khmer | [RFA Terms of Use (non-commercial)](https://www.rfa.org/english/about/terms-of-use/) | Metadata only — audio not embedded. Download audio from `source_url`. Non-commercial research use; see RFA terms. | | `kk_kz` | Kazakhstan / Kazakh | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parlam.kz/) | | | `kn_in` | India / Kannada | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `ko_kr` | South Korea / Korean | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.assembly.go.kr/) | | | `kok_in` | India / Konkani | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `la_lo` | Laos / Lao | [RFA Terms of Use (non-commercial)](https://www.rfa.org/english/about/terms-of-use/) | Metadata only — audio not embedded. Download audio from `source_url`. Non-commercial research use; see RFA terms. | | `la_va` | Vatican / Latin | [Vatican Radio Archive](https://www.vaticannews.va/en/others/terms-and-conditions.html) | Vatican Radio historical archive; contact Vatican Media for commercial use. | | `lb_lu` | Luxembourg / Luxembourgish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.chd.lu/) | | | `mai_in` | India / Maithili | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `mfe_mu` | Mauritius / Mauritian Creole | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://govmu.org/) | | | `mi_nz` | New Zealand / Maori | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.nz/en/footer/copyright/) | | | `ml_in` | India / Malayalam | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://niyamasabha.org/) | | | `mm_my` | Myanmar / Burmese | [RFA Terms of Use (non-commercial)](https://www.rfa.org/english/about/terms-of-use/) | Metadata only — audio not embedded. Download audio from `source_url`. Non-commercial research use; see RFA terms. | | `mn_mn` | Mongolia / Mongolian | [Parliamentary Proceedings / CC0](https://www.parliament.mn/) | Parliament sessions (public record) + Latter-day Saints addresses (CC0 per lds.org). | | `mr_in` | India / Marathi | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.vidhan.maharashtra.gov.in/) | | | `ms_my` | Malaysia / Malay | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parlimen.gov.my/) | | | `ne_in` | India / Nepali | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `ne_np` | Nepal / Nepali | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.np/) | | | `nl_be` | Belgium / Dutch | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.vlaamsparlement.be/) | | | `nl_nl` | Netherlands / Dutch | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.tweedekamer.nl/) | | | `nr_za` | South Africa / Southern Ndebele | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | | | `nso_za` | South Africa / Northern Sotho | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | | | `om_et` | Ethiopia / Oromo | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `or_in` | India / Odia | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `pa_in` | India / Punjabi | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://vidhanpb.gov.in/) | | | `pl_pl` | Poland / Polish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.sejm.gov.pl/) | | | `pt_br` | Brazil / Portuguese | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.senado.leg.br/) | | | `rm_ch` | Switzerland / Romansh | [SRG SSR Terms of Use](https://www.srgssr.ch/en/who-we-are/public-service/) | Corpus compiled from publicly broadcast RTR programming; contact SRG SSR for commercial use. | | `ro_md` | Moldova / Romanian | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parlament.md/) | | | `ro_ro` | Romania / Romanian | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.senat.ro/) | | | `ru_by` | Belarus / Russian | [Government Publication (Public Record)](https://president.gov.by/) | | | `ru_ru` | Russia / Russian | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://duma.gov.ru/) | | | `rw_rw` | Rwanda / Kinyarwanda | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.rw/) | | | `si_lk` | Sri Lanka / Sinhala | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.lk/) | | | `sm_ws` | Samoa / Samoan | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://parliament.ws/) | | | `sn_zw` | Zimbabwe / Shona | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `sq_al` | Albania / Albanian | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parlament.al/) | | | `sq_xk` | Kosovo / Albanian | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.assembly-kosova.org/) | | | `ss_za` | South Africa / Swati | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | | | `st_za` | South Africa / Sesotho | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | | | `sv_ax` | Aland Islands / Swedish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.lagting.ax/) | | | `sw_ke` | Kenya / Swahili | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.go.ke/) | | | `sw_tz` | Tanzania / Swahili | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.bunge.go.tz/) | | | `ta_in` | India / Tamil | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `ta_lk` | Sri Lanka / Tamil | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.lk/) | | | `te_in` | India / Telugu | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `th_th` | Thailand / Thai | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.go.th/) | | | `ti_et` | Ethiopia / Tigrinya | [Public Domain (17 USC §105)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105) | US federal agency content (VOA). | | `tl_ph` | Philippines / Tagalog | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.congress.gov.ph/) | | | `tn_bw` | Botswana / Tswana | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.bw/) | | | `tn_za` | South Africa / Tswana | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | | | `tr_tr` | Turkey / Turkish | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/) | | | `ts_za` | South Africa / Tsonga | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | | | `ur_in` | India / Urdu | [All India Radio Archive (Prasar Bharati)](https://newsonair.gov.in/) | Prasar Bharati public broadcaster archive. | | `uz_uz` | Uzbekistan / Uzbek | [RFE/RL Terms of Use (non-commercial)](https://about.rferl.org/use-our-content/) | US government-funded broadcaster; non-commercial research use. Original Ozodlik (RFE/RL Uzbek) content. | | `ve_za` | South Africa / Venda | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | | | `vn_vi` | Vietnam / Vietnamese | [RFA Terms of Use (non-commercial)](https://www.rfa.org/english/about/terms-of-use/) | Metadata only — audio not embedded. Download audio from `source_url`. Non-commercial research use; see RFA terms. | | `xh_za` | South Africa / Xhosa | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | | | `yue_hk` | Hong Kong / Cantonese | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.legco.gov.hk/en/general/disclaimer.html) | | | `zh_tw` | Taiwan / Chinese (Mandarin) | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.ly.gov.tw/) | | | `zu_za` | South Africa / Zulu | [Parliamentary Proceedings](https://www.parliament.gov.za/legal) | |