Modeled annual seed production estimates for Pinus edulis 1900-2024

These data are gridded estimates of annual seed production (or mast seeding intensity) in a conifer species of the southwestern United States. The extent of these predictions cover the range of Pinus edulis in the U.S. states of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah between 1900-2024. Also included is a map of the variance in bootstrapped predictions for the covered range, and the unpublished training data used in model validation. All other data sources are publically available and free to use. , These data were collected with the purpose of validating an established forecast model of cone production in this species. The model was parameterized with existing data on seed production from Wion et al. 2020 (Ecography), and these known relationships between seed production and weather were extrapolated across the range of this species and hindcasted into the past. These data may be used to understand where climatic conditions were most likely favorable to mast seed production in this species for a given year, and where those mast years are likely to have occurred., , This data is associated with the publication Mast Hindcasting reveals pervasive effects of extreme drought on a foundational conifer species, in New Phytologist, 2025.

**Description of the data and file structure**

Data descriptions can be found in the associated metadata.

Validation Data contains a csv file, containing testing data used in model validation. These data were collected for this study and have not been previously published elsewhere.  These data are associated with this data release by relation to the publication and associated analyses but should be considered auxiliary to the primary components.

*The columns in the Validation Data are as follows:*

site - unique ID

year - year of a given cone scar as observed on a given branch.  This must be adjusted +1 to reflect cone production in the year of maturation.  

cwd - 30 year average annual climatic water deficit, a measurement of cumulative drought stress, derived from TerraClimate

mon - 30 ye...