Dietary PQQ and Protection from an Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

1Four rats in the PQQ- group died during either I/R or P/I/R protocols compared to none in the PQQ+ group (p∼0.1, chi square analysis). In the I/R-PQQ- group, one rat died of acute pulmonary edema before surgery, one after opening the chest, and one late during reperfusion. The latter heart was salvaged and is included for the estimates of infarct/LV (left ventricular)%, CK (creatine kinase) levels, RCR (mitochondrial respiratory control ratio) and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels. Two rats in the PQQ+ group died before suture of LAD and were excluded.2The P/I/R protocol reduced LV infarct size ∼30 percent (I/R vs. P/I/R, P3CK levels were increased ∼4-5+ fold following I/R (p4The RCR in ischemic areas of the LV was improved with preconditioning (p∼0.05). In non-ischemic areas of the LV, the RCR tended to be higher in response to PQQ exposure (p∼0.1).5MDA levels were lower in non-ischemic areas vs. ischemic areas (p