Supplementary information files for: Motivational processes during physical endurance tasks

Supplementary information files for: Motivational processes during physical endurance tasks. Purpose: Motivational processes are insufficiently recognized in models of human endurance. Hence, two studies examined a motivational model proposing that the quality of pre-task autonomous motivation influences performance at high intensity via the in-task temptation to reduce effort and value of goal pursuit. Methods: The studies involved 40 participants each (Study 1: 33% female, Mage = 21.55, SD = 1.97; Study 2: 45% female, Mage = 22.65, SD = 2.61) completing measures of autonomous motivation prior to a ten-minute cycling task. Measures of the temptation to reduce effort and value of goal pursuit were taken every minute during the trial (Study 1) or near the midpoint of the trial (Study 2). Data were analyzed using multilevel growth and parallel mediation models. Results: In both studies, autonomous motivation was associated with lower temptation to reduce effort and higher value of goal pursuit, which were subsequently characteristic of better performance. Study 1 revealed nuances within these relationships depending on whether task initiation or change over time were considered. In Study 2, indirect effects of autonomous motivation on performance via temptation to reduce effort (b = .20, 95% CIs .03 ― .50) and goal value (b = .26, 95% CIs .01 ― .44) were evidenced. Conclusion: Two studies supported a theoretically viable model explaining the dynamics between pre-task and in-task motivation underpinning performance at high intensities.

补充信息文件：物理耐力任务中的动机过程。目的：在人类耐力模型中，动机过程尚未得到充分的认识。因此，两项研究检验了一种动机模型，该模型提出，前任务的自主动机质量通过任务过程中的降低努力和目标追求价值的诱惑，影响高强度下的表现。方法：研究涉及每组40名参与者（研究1：33%为女性，平均年龄=21.55岁，标准差=1.97；研究2：45%为女性，平均年龄=22.65岁，标准差=2.61）。在完成十分钟骑自行车任务之前，参与者完成了自主动机的测量。在试验期间每分钟（研究1）或试验中点附近（研究2）进行降低努力和目标追求价值的诱惑的测量。数据使用多层次增长和平行中介模型进行分析。结果：在两项研究中，自主动机与降低努力的诱惑降低和目标追求价值提高相关，这些特征随后成为更好的表现的表征。研究1揭示了这些关系中的细微差别，具体取决于是否考虑任务的启动或时间上的变化。在研究2中，自主动机通过降低努力的诱惑（b = .20，95%置信区间 .03 ― .50）和目标价值（b = .26，95%置信区间 .01 ― .44）对表现的间接影响得到证实。结论：两项研究支持了一种理论可行的模型，该模型解释了前任务动机和任务过程中支撑高强度表现的动机动态之间的关系。