Global seafloor connectivity over evolutionary time

Our knowledge of biogeographic patterns and processes in the deep sea has been limited by the lack of integrated datasets that cover its vast extent. Here we analyse a new global dataset of genomic DNA sequences, spanning an entire taxonomic class of benthic invertebrates (Ophiuroidea), to obtain a broad understanding of phylogenetic divergence and biotic movement across all oceans, from coastal margins down to the abyssal plains. We show that regional faunas on the continental shelf are phylogenetically divergent, particularly at temperate and tropical latitudes. In contrast, assemblages in the deep sea are much more connected. Many temperate deep-sea lineages have achieved distribution ranges across the planet, including over the Quaternary period. A close relationship exists between deep-sea faunas of the North Atlantic and Southern Australia, on the opposite sides of the globe. Bathymetric interchange is not only reliant on vertical migration through isothermal polar waters, but als..., Exon capture next-generation DNA sequence data, including mitochondrial genes, plus some COI-only samples
Phylogenetic analysis, trees and sample descriptions
Evolutionary biology and graphic scripts (R) and data tables, , # Global marine connectivity over evolutionary time

This dryad submission contains the aligned DNA nuclear and mitochondrial sequences, the phylogenetic trees, descriptive tables, spatial datasets, and r software code from our biogeographic study on marine benthic connectivity across the global oceans.

Manuscript citation: O'Hara et al. (submitted) Global marine connectivity over evolutionary time. Nature

## Description of the data and file structure, Figure numbers refer to the submitted paper.

osm9f.phy: phylip file with aligned nuclear (1487 exons, 260319 bp) and mitochondrial COI (1431 bp) sequence data from the 2699 samples used to create the OSM9f.nwk phylogeny for this study.

OSM9f exon boundaries.txt: text file with a list of the exons (and COI) and the start and end positions in the OSM9f.phy file.

OSM9f_p4.txt: partition file used in the maximum likelihood (RAxML v8.1.20) analysis of the OSM9f.phy file and the creation the OSM9f.nwk phylogenetic tree.

OSM9f.nwk: the chr...,