Data from: Genetic structure of the Painted Bunting and its implications for conservation of migratory populations
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The Painted Bunting Passerina ciris is a Neotropical songbird which breeds primarily in the United States during the summer and migrates to Mexico, Central America, southern Florida, and the Caribbean over the winter. Male Painted Buntings are brightly coloured, which makes them highly sought after as pets, particularly in Mexico, Central America and Europe. We used short sequence repeats (microsatellite DNA) to investigate the population genetic structure of the Painted Bunting and its implications in conservation management of migratory populations. We found a detectable level of population differentiation as revealed by pairwise FST and RST comparisons and Bayesian clustering analyses, with strong support for differentiation between eastern and western Painted Buntings (e.g. Oklahoma and Georgia FST = 0.1; P = 0.005; RST = 0.18; P = 0.04) in accordance with previous mitochondrial DNA analysis. We recovered additional support for two sub‐groups within the western clade. While linking migrant songbirds captured outside of the United States to their breeding populations remains a challenge, we show that natural levels of population genetic differentiation can be detected via microsatellite DNA markers and exploited in migratory connectivity studies. We also demonstrate the potential utility of our low‐cost markers for population identification of birds recovered from the pet trade by screening a small subset of samples (n = 5) collected as part of wildlife tracking. We discuss the implications of our results for future efforts to understand patterns of population decline in Painted Buntings more generally, as well as how we might expand this methodology to combat illegal pet‐trade activity in this and other songbird species.
丽彩鹀（Painted Bunting，学名Passerina ciris）是一种新热带鸣禽，夏季主要在美国境内繁殖，冬季则迁徙至墨西哥、中美洲、佛罗里达州南部及加勒比地区。雄丽彩鹀羽色艳丽，因此作为宠物广受欢迎，在墨西哥、中美洲及欧洲尤甚。本研究利用短串联重复序列（microsatellite DNA）标记，探究丽彩鹀的种群遗传结构及其对迁徙种群保护管理的启示。研究通过两两FST、RST比较及贝叶斯聚类分析，检测到显著的种群分化水平；结果与既往线粒体DNA研究一致，有力支持丽彩鹀东部种群与西部种群存在分化（例如俄克拉荷马州与佐治亚州种群的FST=0.1，P=0.005；RST=0.18，P=0.04）。本研究进一步证实西部支系内存在两个亚群。尽管将美国境外捕获的迁徙鸣禽与其繁殖种群进行匹配仍存在挑战，但本研究表明，可通过微卫星DNA标记检测自然状态下的种群遗传分化水平，并将其应用于迁徙连通性研究。此外，本研究通过对野生动物监测项目中采集的5份小型样本子集进行筛选，验证了该低成本标记在识别宠物贸易查获鸟类种群来源方面的应用潜力。本研究还讨论了研究结果对未来更全面解析丽彩鹀种群下降模式的启示，以及如何将该研究方法推广应用，打击该物种及其他鸣禽的非法宠物贸易活动。
