Advanced age is a significant risk factor during viral infection due to an age-associated decline in the immune response. While infection by West Nile virus (WNV) is typically mild, older individuals
Modern society characterized by a 24/7 lifestyle leads to misalignment between environmental cycles and endogenous circadian rhythms. Persisting circadian misalignment leads to deleterious effects on
Aging is associated with progressive alterations of immune functions, leading to higher susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections and reduced vaccine responses. Data concerning cytokine product
CD8+ T cells play essential roles in combatting infection and cancers. The major subsets of CD8+ T cells such as naïve, effector, and memory carry out distinct functions. Although the defined subsets
