Evaluation of the potential of non-starch soluble polysaccharides from 3 algae to modulate the immune response and metabolic state in the intestine. Sus scrofa

Non-starch soluble polysaccharides (NSPs) produced by yeasts are used in animal nutrition to improve health and performance. However, the magnitude of the effect may be dependent upon the quantity and the composition of the polysaccharides. As seaweeds are attractive sources of NSPs, this study was set up to evaluate their potential to improve intestinal health. The effect of NSP extracts prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing β-glucan and mannan (PSY1, positive control) or a mixture of mannanoligosaccharides (PSY2, positive control), micro algae containing β-glucan (PSA1), brown macro algae containing fucoidan and laminarin (PSA2), and green macro algae containing ulvan (PSA3) on intestinal porcine epithelial cells J2 (IPEC-J2) was studied in the presence and absence of the enterotoxigenic bacterium Escherichia coli k99 strain (ETEC) as an in vitro challenge. The E.coli-k99 strain with adhesion factor F41 (41/32) was isolated from a mastitis-infected udder. In addition, a mixed extract prepared from vegatal orgin supplemented with phenolic compounds from vegetal origin, zinc and selenium (9631), and ZnO were tested to compare responses to NSP extracts. Gene expression was measured in IPEC-J2 cells after 2 and 6 hours of incubation using “whole genome” porcine microarrays (submission as a conference paper at the SEAGRICULTURE 2017 6th International Seaweed Conference). Overall design: IPEC-J2 cells were grown in 2 cm2 wells for 7 days at 37 ºC and 5% CO2 using 1:1 DMEM/Ham’s F10 1:1 medium supplemented with 5% FCS without antibiotics. For all tests, confluent monolayers were washed twice with medium without FCS (hereafter denoted as medium) and incubated for 1 hour with this medium. Hereafter, the medium was discarded and an extract dissolved/suspended in medium was added. Different concentrations of extracts and ZnO (concentrations are specified in the source name column) were used for incubation of IPEC-J2 monolayers for a period of 2 and 6 hours in the absence and presence of ETEC. All incubations were tested in duplicate and for each type of additive duplicate control wells containing no additive (only culture medium) were incubated for 2 and 6 hours. After incubation total RNA was extracted. RNA's extracted from replicates were pooled (biological replicates) and this pool was hybridized in duplicate (technical replicates). IPEC-J2 enterocyte cell line derived from the jejunum of piglets, host-feed interaction