<i>In vitro Candida albicans</i> biofilm formation on different titanium surface topographies
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To investigate if differences in titanium implant surface topography influence <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilm formation. Titanium discs were prepared and characterized using a profilometer: Group A (<i>R</i><sub>a</sub> 0.15 µm, smooth), Group B (<i>R</i><sub>a</sub> 0.64 µm, minimally rough) and Group C (<i>R</i><sub>a</sub> 1.3 µm, moderately rough). Contact angle and surface free energy (SFE) were determined for each group. Non-preconditioned titanium discs were incubated with <i>C. albicans</i> for 24 h. In additional experiments, the titanium discs were initially coated with human saliva, bovine serum albumin or phosphate-buffered saline for 2 h before incubation with <i>C. albicans</i> for 24 h. The amount of fungal biofilm formation was quantified using a colorimetric assay. <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm formation was significantly lower (<i>p</i> p C. albicans biofilm formation than the other two groups. Salivary coating resulted in greater adherence of <i>C. albicans</i> with increased surface roughness. The minimally rough titanium discs displayed lowest SFE compared to smooth and moderately rough surfaces and showed the least <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm formation. This study demonstrated that <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm formation increased in a SFE-dependent manner. These findings suggest that SFE might be a more explanatory factor for <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm formation on titanium surfaces than roughness. The presence of a pellicle coating may negate the impact of SFE on <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm formation on titanium surfaces.
