ERA5 atmospheric stability for usage in WAsP 12.8

The dataset "ERA5-meso.nc" is obtained by loading the variables needed for calculating the temperature scale from hourly ERA5 files. These files are available in grib format that have been obtained from the Copernicus Data Store (CDS). They are opened using xarray and cfgrib and processed using the functions stability_histogram from the python package PyWAsP. Because a conditional mean based on the 50% highest wind speeds must be calculated, all values are binned according to wind speed at 100 m and this histogram is then used to calculate the mean and root-mean-square of the temperature scale. The boundary layer height scale is calculated in a similar fashion. For more documentation see the accompanying paper. A validation of the WAsP model using these data is available in the references.The file "ERA5-baro.nc" contains the geostrophic wind shear. The mean magnitude and direction is obtained sector-wise in similar fashion as described above. The geostrophic wind shear can be calculated from the pressure level geopotential height. The way to do this is described here:https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/implementation-of-large-scale-average-geostrophic-wind-shear-in-wThese data are for estimating atmospheric stability conditions, if you are looking for data to estimate air density, please refer to the item "ERA5 data for air density calculations in WAsP" (related materials item 5). The methods for this are described in related materials item 7.v1-v2: Version corresponding to paper before review (related materials 3), do not use these.v3: Final version that corresponds to the published version of the paper (related materials 6):https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00803-3This is slightly different then the first version due to Eq. 9v4: Updates to load the files using PyWAsP versions specifically suited for use in pywasp with the variable names adopted in PyWAsP. For ERA5-baro.nc NaNs are filled with 0.0, i.e. assuming a barotropic atmosphere.

本数据集“ERA5-meso.nc”系通过加载用于计算温度尺度所需变量，从小时级ERA5文件中获取。这些文件以grib格式存储，并源自哥白尼数据存储库（CDS）。文件通过xarray和cfgrib工具打开，并利用PyWAsP软件包中的stability_histogram函数进行处理。由于需计算基于50%最高风速的算术平均值，因此所有值均根据100米高度处的风速进行分组，随后以此直方图为基础，计算温度尺度的平均值和均方根。边界层高度尺度亦以相似方法计算。更详细的文档请参阅随附论文。基于这些数据的WAsP模型验证结果可在参考文献中找到。文件“ERA5-baro.nc”包含地转风切变信息，其平均强度和方向以类似上述方式按扇区获取。地转风切变可从气压层的位势高度计算得出，具体方法可在此处查阅：https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/implementation-of-large-scale-average-geostrophic-wind-shear-in-w。这些数据用于估算大气稳定性条件，若需估算空气密度，请参考“用于WAsP中空气密度计算的ERA5数据”相关材料（相关材料第5项）。相关方法描述在相关材料第7项中。v1-v2：对应于审稿前的论文版本（相关材料第3项），请勿使用这些版本。v3：与论文已发表版本相对应的最终版本（相关材料第6项）：https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00803-3。该版本与第一版略有不同，主要由于方程9v4。v4：更新了使用特定于pywasp的版本加载文件的方法，并采用了PyWAsP中采用的变量名称。对于ERA5-baro.nc文件，NaN值被填充为0.0，即假设为等压大气。