Experimental setup of common vampire bats grouped by sex, rabies virus neutralizing antibodies serostatus at baseline time point, treatment, and route.

Males received 1x108 PFU/mL orally of RCN-MoG (vaccine) or RCN-luc (control), or 2x108 PFU/mL of RCN-MoG mixed in 0.5 mL of glycerin jelly for topical vaccine. Topically vaccinated females received 5x108 PFU/mL RCN-MoG in 1 mLa. Eight captive-born pups did not receive treatment but were included in the RABV challenge. For this group F = female and M = male, one pup was not sexed. The sampling schedule differed for male and female and seropositive groups, as indicated in the last column.