Estimates of virus accumulation, virus effects on vegetative and reproductive growth, virulence, and seed transmission rate in the ‘original’ stock Cen-1 plants for three CMV strains passaged five times by strict vertical, strict horizontal and alternating vertical and horizontal transmission, plus

1Accumulation of virus RNA (µg/g fresh weight) estimated for 1∶1 mix of inoculated and systemically infected leaves.
2Effect of CMV infection on rosette weight (RW) and inflorescence weight (IW) estimated as Traiti/Traitm, where i and m denote infected and mock-inoculated plants, respectively.
3Virulence estimated as one minus the ratio of seed weight in infected vs. mock-inoculated plants: 1−(SWi/SWm).
4Seed transmission rate estimated as the number of infected seedlings out of 100 seeds.
Values are mean±standard error of the 5 lineages in evolved viruses and 10 replicates in non-evolved strains.
Bold numbers indicate significant differences between non-evolved and evolved viruses. (L): Value in evolved viruses is lower than that in non-evolved viruses; (H) Value in evolved viruses is higher than that in non-evolved viruses.