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To research the effects of air on tailing wastewater remediation and microbial community in reducing bacteria remediation process, the experiments of air utilization were conducted. The physiochemical properties were determined using ICP, XRD, and microbial community structure was investigated by MiSeq high throughput sequencing. The results indicated air simultaneously promoted the oxidizing of sulfur and reducing of sulfate. Air had no effect on redox potential, but the differences of pH, dissolved sulfur and dissolved iron were obvious (<i>p</i>&lt;0.05). Air increased the concentration of dissolved sulfur and lowered pH. However, air increased the percentage of <i>Desulfosporosinus</i> and the producing of iron sulfide, and reduced the metal ion concentration.