Veiled in dust: the dual assault of road dust on pollination success in nature

Dust is common air pollution, which is serious for the roadside. While roadsides have been found to constitute important habitats for plants and pollinators, whether and how dust affects pollination success is less studied. Using an ideal study system, Primula chungensis, our study provides the first evidence that dust can disrupt plant-pollinator interaction processes and directly reduce seed production. Given that enhanced dust activity has become widespread around the globe, further attention should be paid to the ecological and evolutionary effects of dust.