Graph-inverted Ghanaian aquifers under aridification

This dataset supports the study “Graph-inverted Ghanaian aquifers under aridification”. It contains processed borehole, hydrochemical, climate, graph-network and model-ready data used to reconstruct groundwater evolution pathways across northern Ghanaian aquifers under aridification. The study domain covers the Northern, North East, Upper East and Upper West regions of Ghana and includes Voltaian sedimentary aquifers, Birimian fractured basement aquifers, granitoid fractured basement systems and shallow regolith/alluvial groundwater.

The dataset includes metadata for 160 boreholes represented as graph nodes, wet- and dry-season hydrochemical observations, regional climate and aridification indicators for 1991–2025, graph edge weights describing hydrochemical similarity and hydrogeological connectivity, and a model feature matrix for classifying aquifer evolution states. The data support analysis of recharge-weathering pathways, evaporative salinity evolution, geogenic fluoride mobilisation, anthropogenic nitrate contamination and ion-exchange transitions.

The dataset is intended for hydrochemical facies analysis, groundwater-quality assessment, graph-constrained inverse hydrogeochemical modelling, process classification, uncertainty analysis and reproducibility of the aquifer-evolution framework. Coordinates are anonymized or spatially masked where necessary to protect community water-supply infrastructure while preserving regional-scale analytical reproducibility.