Parameters and equations of winter-chilling models [53] used to simulate the timing of dormancy break, budbreak and flowering.

Daily chilling and forcing states calculated from daily mean temperature (Tmean) and curve shape parameters a = 0.005 and c = 2.8. The same forcing equation applies to budbreak and flowering. The critical forcing state at which budburst occurs is calculated from the chilling state and curve shape parameters: co1 = 176 and co2 = 0.015.