Data_Sheet_1_Chronic pain is a risk factor for incident Alzheimer’s disease: a nationwide propensity-matched cohort using administrative data.docx

IntroductionChronic pain (CP) is one of the most disabling conditions in the elderly and seems to be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Only one study, using national administrative health databases, assessed and demonstrated that chronic pain (all types of pain) was a risk factor for dementia, but without assessing the impact of pain medications.MethodTo assess the impact of all types of chronic pain and the long-term use of pain medications on the person-years incidence of ADRD, a retrospective nationwide healthcare administrative data study was performed using the national inter-regime health insurance information system (SNIIRAM) to the French national health data system (SNDS). Incident people >50 years old with chronic pain, defined by at least 6-months duration analgesics treatment or by a diagnosis/long-term illness of chronic pain between 2006 and 2010, were included. Chronic pain individuals were matched with non-CP individuals by a propensity score. Individuals were followed up from 9 to 13 years to identify occurrences of ADRD from 2006.ResultsAmong 64,496 French individuals, the incidence of ADRD was higher in the chronic pain population than control (1.13% vs. 0.95%, p

慢性疼痛（CP）是老年人中最为致残的健康状况之一，且似乎为阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症（ADRD）的发展增加了风险。仅有的一项研究，通过使用国家级行政健康数据库，评估并证明了慢性疼痛（包括所有类型的疼痛）是痴呆症的风险因素，但未评估镇痛药物的影响。研究方法：为了评估所有类型慢性疼痛及长期使用镇痛药物对阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症发病年限的影响，本研究采用回顾性全国性医疗保健行政数据研究，利用法国国家区域间医疗保险信息系统（SNIIRAM）与国家健康数据系统（SNDS）进行对接。纳入2006年至2010年间，年龄超过50岁，且慢性疼痛持续至少6个月，或被诊断为慢性疼痛/长期疾病的患者。通过倾向评分将慢性疼痛患者与非慢性疼痛患者进行匹配。对个体进行9至13年的随访，以识别2006年及以后发生的阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症。结果：在64,496名法国个体中，慢性疼痛组中阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症的发病率高于对照组（1.13% vs. 0.95%，p