General linear mixed model results comparing wild and managed herds, and mean serum biochemistry values for wild, managed, and captive African buffalo (+/- standard error of the mean).

The captive values are from Species360 and are listed in italics as the data was not collected during this project, but is listed for comparison as the only prior information on these values in African buffalo. Asterisks indicate level of significance (* ≤0.05, **≤0.01, ***≤0.001) and parameters with statistically significant differences between managed and wild are bolded.