高寒草甸生态系统水热通量观测—垭口站自动气象站（2015-2017)

该数据集包含了2015年1月1日至2015年12月31日黑河文气象观测网上游垭口站气象要素观测数据。站点位于青海省祁连县大冬树垭口，下垫面是高寒草甸。观测点的经纬度是100.2421E, 38.0142N，海拔4148m。发布的数据包括两个观测点，均在垭口观测站，相距10m左右，一套在2015年持续进行观测（30min输出），另一套为2015年9月18日在垭口新建的10m高气象站（10min输出），具体包括：空气温度、相对湿度传感器架设在5m处，朝向正北（两组观测，分别10min和30min输出）；气压计安装在地面上的防撬箱内（两组观测，分别10min和30min输出）；翻斗式雨量计安装在10m处；风速与风向传感器架设在10m，朝向正北（两组，分别10min和30min输出）；四分量辐射仪包含两个观测点，其中一个安装在气象塔6m处，朝向正南（10min输出），另一个安装在离地1.5m高的支架上（30min输出）；两个红外温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处（两组观测，分别10min和30min输出）；土壤水分探头埋设在地下4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处（两组观测，分别10min和30min输出）；土壤热流板埋设在地下6cm处（两组观测，分别10min（3块热流板）和30min（2块热流板）输出）。
观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_5m、RH_5m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、风速（WS_10m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_10m）(单位：度)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤水分（Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144或48个数据（每10min或30min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；30min输出的四分量长波辐射在2015.1.1-4.1之间由于传感器的问题，数据缺失；30min观测数据在5.24-7.12之间由于采集器问题，数据缺失。（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2015-9-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
水文气象网或站点信息请参考Li et al. (2013)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。

This dataset contains meteorological element observation data from the Yakou Station, the upstream station of the Heihe Hydrometeorological Observation Network, during the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The station is located at the Dadongshu Yakou, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, with an alpine meadow as the underlying surface. The geographic coordinates of the observation site are 100.2421°E, 38.0142°N, and the elevation is 4148 m. The released data include two observation points, both located at the Yakou Station with a distance of approximately 10 m between them. One set of data was continuously observed throughout 2015, with a 30-minute output interval; the other set was a 10-meter-high meteorological station newly built at Yakou on September 18, 2015, with a 10-minute output interval. The specific observation settings are as follows: Air temperature and relative humidity sensors were installed at 5 m height, facing north (two sets of observations with 10-minute and 30-minute output intervals respectively); barometers were installed in anti-theft boxes on the ground (two sets of observations with 10-minute and 30-minute output intervals respectively); tipping-bucket rain gauges were installed at 10 m height; wind speed and direction sensors were installed at 10 m height, facing north (two sets of observations with 10-minute and 30-minute output intervals respectively); the four-component radiometer has two observation points: one was installed at 6 m height on the meteorological tower, facing south (10-minute output interval), and the other was installed on a bracket 1.5 m above the ground (30-minute output interval); two infrared thermometers were installed at 6 m height, facing south, with their probes pointing vertically downward; soil temperature probes were buried at 0 cm (surface) and 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm underground (two sets of observations with 10-minute and 30-minute output intervals respectively); soil moisture probes were buried at 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm underground (two sets of observations with 10-minute and 30-minute output intervals respectively); soil heat flux plates were buried 6 cm underground (two sets of observations with 10-minute output (3 heat flux plates) and 30-minute output (2 heat flux plates) respectively).

The observation items include: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m) (units: degrees Celsius, percentage), atmospheric pressure (Press) (unit: hectopascal), precipitation (Rain) (unit: millimeter), wind speed (WS_10m) (unit: meter per second), wind direction (WD_10m) (unit: degree), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watt per square meter), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: degrees Celsius), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: watt per square meter), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) (unit: degrees Celsius), soil moisture (Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm) (unit: volumetric water content, percentage).

Data processing and quality control of the observations: (1) Ensure that there are 144 or 48 data points per day (for 10-minute or 30-minute intervals respectively). Missing data are marked with -6999; data of 30-minute output four-component longwave radiation were missing from January 1 to April 1, 2015 due to sensor issues; 30-minute observation data were missing from May 24 to July 12, 2015 due to datalogger problems. (2) Remove duplicate records at the same time stamp; (3) Delete data that obviously exceed physical limits or instrument measurement ranges; (4) Data marked in red are questionable data; (5) The date and time formats are unified, and date and time are stored in the same column. For example, the time format is: 2015-9-10 10:30; (6) The naming convention is: AWS + station name.

For information on the hydrometeorological network or the station, please refer to Li et al. (2013); for observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含了2015年至2017年青海省祁连县大冬树垭口站的气象要素观测数据，主要针对高寒草甸生态系统的水热通量进行监测。数据包括空气温湿度、降水、风速风向、辐射、土壤温湿度等多个观测项目，时间分辨率为10分钟和30分钟，适用于高寒地区生态系统的水热交换研究。