Supplementary Information of <b>A penultimate great earthquake revealed by </b><b><i>in situ</i></b><b> cosmogenic </b>^{<strong>10</strong>}<b>Be dating of the bedrock fault surface on the Huashan Piedmont Fault (Central China)</b>

The Supplementary Information (SI) section provides two folders, named “S1-LiDAR-DEM data”, “S2-Topographic profile line data”, and an excel spreadsheet “S3-Sampling information and ¹⁰Be exposure ages of the Duyu bedrock fault surface .xlsx”.<br><b>S1-LiDAR-DEM data</b><br>The folder “S1-LiDAR-DEM data” contains the DEM data required for topographic display and scarp height measurement in the paper. The DEM data was generated from point clouds, which were acquired using a DJI M600Pro drone equipped with an AS-300HL LiDAR system, with a vertical error not exceeding 20 cm.<br>The folder “S1-LiDAR-DEM data” contains DEM data files including “LiDAR-DEM-Du Valley.tif”, “LiDAR-DEM-Taiping Valley.tif”, “LiDAR-DEM-Cong Valley.tif”, “LiDAR-DEM-Taiping Valley West.tif”, “LiDAR-DEM-Shui Valley West.tif”, “LiDAR-DEM-Baiya Valley West.tif”, and “LiDAR-DEM-Dafu Valley East.tif”.<br>Among them, the “LiDAR-DEM-Du Valley.tif” data is used for displaying the background topographic base map in Figure 2a and measuring the scarp heights in Figures 2b and 2c; the “LiDAR-DEM-Taiping Valley.tif” data is used for displaying the background topographic base map in Figure 10a and measuring the scarp height in Figure 10c; the “LiDAR-DEM-Cong Valley.tif” data is used for displaying the background topographic base map in Figure 10b and measuring the scarp height in Figure 10d; and the “LiDAR-DEM-Taiping Valley West.tif”, “LiDAR-DEM-Shui Valley West.tif”, “LiDAR-DEM-Baiya Valley West.tif”, and “LiDAR-DEM-Dafu Valley East.tif” are respectively used for measuring the heights of the four scarps in Figure 9.<br><br><b>S2-Topographic profile line data</b><br>The folder “S2-Topographic profile line data” contains topographic lines used to measure the scarp heights at different locations. Each survey line consists of data files with suffixes “.shp”, “.shx”, “.sbx”, “.sbn”, “.prj”, “.dbf”, and “.cpg”. For usage, only the data file with the “.shp” suffix needs to be loaded.<br>Among them, the data “topographic_profile_line_a-a'” corresponds to the topographic profile “a-a'” in Figure 2a; the data “topographic_profile_line_b-b'” corresponds to the topographic profile “b-b'” in Figure 2a; the data “topographic_profile_line_c-c'” corresponds to the topographic profile “c-c'” in Figure 10a; the data “topographic_profile_line_d-d'” corresponds to the topographic profile “d-d'” in Figure 10b; and the data “topographic_profile_line_Taiping_Valley_West”, “topographic_profile_line_Shui_Valley_West”, “topographic_profile_line_Baiya_Valley_West”, and “topographic_profile_line_Dafui_Valley_East” are used to measure the scarp heights in Figure 9, respectively.<br><b>S3-Sampling information and </b>^{<strong>10</strong>}<b>Be exposure ages of the Duyu bedrock fault surface</b><br>The excel spreadsheet “S3-Sampling information and ¹⁰Be exposure ages of the Duyu bedrock fault surface .xlsx” includes specific information of 20 samples involved in the Duyu sampling profile. The ¹⁰Be exposure ages were computed using the time-dependent models proposed by Lal (1991) and Stone (2000) via the CRONUS-Earth online ¹⁰Be exposure age calculator, version 3, accessible at http://hess.ess.washington.edu/math/ (Balco et al., 2008).<br>