Field Study of Foundation Performance on Medium-Expansive Soils

Over a monitoring period of 974 days, two critical parameters were recorded to evaluate the performance of the four foundations. The first parameter, vertical deformations, was measured using dial gauges. To ensure precision and accuracy, these measurements were validated with advanced instruments, including the line laser GLL 3-80 Professional and the LEICA DNA 10 digital levels. The second parameter involved the weekly cumulative rainfall, which was obtained from the General Directorate of Agriculture in Erbil, operating under the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). This rainfall data was crucial for assessing the impact of environmental factors on the foundations over the study period.