Microbial Product Cocktails for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy

The human immune system has evolved to interact with various commensal and pathogenic bacteria in intricate and nuanced ways. While the diversity of bacteria presents fundamental challenges in understanding immune-microbe interactions, it also offers ample opportunities for developing effective immunomodulatory therapies. We introduce microbial product cocktails as a novel class of immunotherapy for cancer. Using freshly resected tumors from bladder cancer patients, an immuno-comparative analysis of recruitment and enhancement assay, and an AI-guided optimization workflow, we established a personalized platform for identifying potent MPCs that promote recruitment, infiltration, and activation of immune cells for cancer treatment. In an orthotopic mouse bladder cancer model, MPCs demonstrated immunoenhancement and improved survival rates compared with standard bacillus Calmette–Guérin immunotherapy.