CRAWDAD dartmouth/zigbee_radio

Dataset of radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications.The dataset contains results from a simple yet systematic set of benchmark experiments that offer a number of important insights into the radio characteristics of mobile 802.15.4 person-to-person communications.date/time of measurement start: 2007-08-12collection environment: Future mobile sensing systems are being designed using 802.15.4 low-power short-range radios for a diverse set of devices from embedded mobile motes to sensor-enabled cellphones in support, for example, of people-centric sensing applications. However, there is little known about the use of 802.15.4 in mobile sensor settings nor its impact on the performance of future communication architectures. We conducted a simple yet systematic set of benchmark experiments that can offer a number of important insights into the radio characteristics of mobile 802.15.4 person-to-person communication.network configuration: For all experiments we use two Tmote Invents operating in the 2.4 GHz band, one acting as a transmitter and the other as a receiver. A different two are chosen for each experiment from a large pool of Invents to avoid biases specific to a particular Invent's hardware. The transmitter is programmed to send packets at the maximum transmission power (0 dBm) and transmission rate.data collection methodology: We investigate metrics like RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput targeting studies to characterize the radio environment in wireless sensor networks. We also measure the effective contact time, i.e., the time window during which nodes are in radio contact with each other and have enough available bandwidth between them to support data transfer.We carry out our experiments according to three benchmarks:i) outdoor experiments in a soccer field away from obstacles and radio interference in the 802.15.4 radio band,ii) outdoor experiments along a sidewalk which is an example of urban environment, and,iii) indoors experiments in a 55 meter hallway in an office building.In all the cases people were moving at walking speed. We repeat the experiments positioning the transmitter and receiver nodes at different places on the body, (i.e., on the chest front hanging on from a necklace, inside a pocket). This choice is motivated by the fact that we are also interested in quantifying the impact of the position on the body where the nodes are more likely to be carried. We run each experiment five times and calculate the 95% confidence interval.TracesetsSoccer_field Traceset of outdoor experiments in a soccer field measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications.file: Soccer_field.tar.gzdescription: The traceset contains results from outdoor experiments in a soccer field away from obstacles and radio interference to get insights into the radio characteristics of mobile 802.15.4 person-to-person communications.measurement purpose: Network Performance Analysismethodology: We perform this experiment in a soccer field out of town away from obstacles and radio activity to minimize any external source of interference and perturbation on the measurements. The soccer field is in a rural setting and not in a town. The transmitter sends 18 byte long packets as fast as possible and the receiver retrieves and stores the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) and LQI (Link Quality Indicator) from each packet received from the sender. We also record the throughput of the sender measured at the receiver. We draw concentric circles with different radius on the ground, the center being the position of the sender node during the measurements. The radius are: 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 meters. Along the circumference of each circle we place equally spaced markers that identify the distance walked along the circles. The experiment consists of a stationary person standing in the center of the circles wearing a necklace mote and facing a fixed direction while the other person walks along each circle wearing a necklace mote as well. Each time the person carrying the receiver passes by a marker the user button on the receiver mote is clicked and a counter, which represents an abstraction of the distance walked along the circle, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values are stored in bin structures identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values for a position denoted by i in the circle are an average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). This way we are able to produce a 360 degrees RSSI, LQI, and throughput map around the transmitter. To have a set of comparison points we also perform LoS (Line of Sight) measurements between the transmitter and the receiver where the transmitter is placed in the center of the circles in such a way so there are no obstacles in the proximity and the transmitter and receiver are lifted 1.5 meters above the ground. The receiver is slowly moved along the concentric circles keeping the LoS condition with the transmitter. The receiver was ~1 meter far away from the person carrying it. This way we obtain 360 degrees LoS maps around the transmitter for throughput, LQI, and RSSI measured at the receiver.Soccer_field TracesSoccer_field/LOS: Traces of outdor experiments in a soccer field conducting LoS (Line of Sight) measurements of the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications.configuration: We perform this experiment in a soccer field out of town away from obstacles and radio activity to minimize any external source of interference and perturbation on the measurements. The soccer field is in a rural setting and not in a town. The transmitter sends 18 byte long packets as fast as possible and the receiver retrieves and stores the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) and LQI (Link Quality Indicator) from each packet received from the sender. We also record the throughput of the sender measured at the receiver. We draw concentric circles with different radius on the ground, the center being the position of the sender node during the measurements. The radius are: 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 meters. Along the circumference of each circle we place equally spaced markers that identify the distance walked along the circles. The experiment consists of a stationary person standing in the center of the circles wearing a necklace mote and facing a fixed direction while the other person walks along each circle wearing a necklace mote as well. Each time the person carrying the receiver passes by a marker the user button on the receiver mote is clicked and a counter, which represents an abstraction of the distance walked along the circle, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values are stored in bin structures identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values for a position denoted by i in the circle are an average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). This way we are able to produce a 360 degrees RSSI, LQI, and throughput map around the transmitter. To have a set of comparison points we also perform LoS (Line of Sight) measurements between the transmitter and the receiver where the transmitter is placed in the center of the circles in such a way so there are no obstacles in the proximity and the transmitter and receiver are lifted 1.5 meters above the ground. The receiver is slowly moved along the concentric circles keeping the LoS condition with the transmitter. The receiver was ~1 meter far away from the person carrying it. This way we obtain 360 degrees LoS maps around the transmitter for throughput, LQI, and RSSI measured at the receiveformat: Format of trace data - The file name is associated to the radius value the data has been collected for.The columns in the file areAngle(Degree)RSSI(dBm) LQI Throughput(bps)Soccer_field/people: Traces of outdor experiments in a soccer field measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications.configuration: We perform this experiment in a soccer field out of town away from obstacles and radio activity to minimize any external source of interference and perturbation on the measurements. The soccer field is in a rural setting and not in a town. The transmitter sends 18 byte long packets as fast as possible and the receiver retrieves and stores the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) and LQI (Link Quality Indicator) from each packet received from the sender. We also record the throughput of the sender measured at the receiver. We draw concentric circles with different radius on the ground, the center being the position of the sender node during the measurements. The radius are: 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 meters. Along the circumference of each circle we place equally spaced markers that identify the distance walked along the circles. The experiment consists of a stationary person standing in the center of the circles wearing a necklace mote and facing a fixed direction while the other person walks along each circle wearing a necklace mote as well. Each time the person carrying the receiver passes by a marker the user button on the receiver mote is clicked and a counter, which represents an abstraction of the distance walked along the circle, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values are stored in bin structures identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values for a position denoted by i in the circle are an average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). This way we are able to produce a 360 degrees RSSI, LQI, and throughput map around the transmitter.format: Format of trace dataThe file name is associated to the radius value the data has been collected for.The columns in the file areAngle(Degree)RSSI(dBm)LQI Throughput(bps)SidewalkTraceset of outdor experiments in a sidewalk measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications.file:Sidewalk.tar.gzdescription: The traceset contains results from outdoor experiments along a sidewalk which is an example of urban environment.measurement purpose: Network Performance Analysismethodology: This set of experiments show the radio behaviour during a mobile-to-mobile communication rendezvous in the common case of people carrying short range radio nodes and crossing each other in a typical urban environment: a sidewalk. In this case we record RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput values measured at the receiver as a function of the transmitter and receiver distance. The experiments consists of having two people carrying a transmitting and a receiving mote walking toward each other from a long distance and eventually passing and crossing each other. The sidewalk runs along a street which is about 15 meters away from buildings on both sides. Since the measurements are reported as a function of the distance between the sender and the receiver we mark a 160 meter portion of the sidewalk. Each marker is 2 meters apart and every measurement starts with the two people located at a distance of 160 meters (in order to start the experiment by having them out of radio contact). Every time each person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i with the transmitter at position j are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance. Two cases are considered: the mote is hung on the chest as the necklace case and the mote is carried in the pocket as the pocket case.Sidewalk TracesSidewalk/necklace: Traces of outdor experiments in a sidewalk measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications between two people carrying a necklace mote.configuration: This set of experiments show the radio behaviour during a mobile-to-mobile communication rendezvous in the common case of people carrying short range radio nodes and crossing each other in a typical urban environment: a sidewalk. In this case we record RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput values measured at the receiver as a function of the transmitter and receiver distance. The experiments consists of having two people carrying a transmitting and a receiving mote, hanging them on the chest like wearing a necklace, walking toward each other from a long distance and eventually passing and crossing each other. The sidewalk runs along a street which is about 15 meters away from buildings on both sides. Since the measurements are reported as a function of the distance between the sender and the receiver we mark a 160 meter portion of the sidewalk. Each marker is 2 meters apart and every measurement starts with the two people located at a distance of 160 meters (in order to start the experiment by having them out of radio contact). Every time each person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i with the transmitter at position j are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format: The columns in the file are:Distance(meters)value (RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps))standard deviation.Sidewalk/pocket: Traces of outdor experiments in a sidewalk measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications between two people carrying motes in their pocket.configuration: This set of experiments show the radio behaviour during a mobile-to-mobile communication rendezvous in the common case of people carrying short range radio nodes and crossing each other in a typical urban environment: a sidewalk. In this case we record RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput values measured at the receiver as a function of the transmitter and receiver distance. The experiments consists of having two people carrying a transmitting and a receiving mote in their pockets walking toward each other from a long distance and eventually passing and crossing each other. The sidewalk runs along a street which is about 15 meters away from buildings on both sides. Since the measurements are reported as a function of the distance between the sender and the receiver we mark a 160 meter portion of the sidewalk. Each marker is 2 meters apart and every measurement starts with the two people located at a distance of 160 meters (in order to start the experiment by having them out of radio contact). Every time each person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i with the transmitter at position j are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format: Format of trace data - the columns in the file are:Distance(meters)value(RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps))standard deviation.Hallway_people crossingTraceset of indoor experiments in a hallway in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications.file: Hallway_peoplecrossing.tar.gzdescription: The traceset contains results from indoors experiments in a 55 meter hallway in an office building where people approach each other from a long distance.measurement purpose: Network Performance Analysismethodology: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. The hallway represents one of the common indoor scenarios where people approach each other from a long distance, get in radio contact and pass each other. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway is marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the people at the far edges of the hallway. Every time each person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i with the transmitter at position j are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance. Two cases are considered: the mote is hung on the chest as the necklace case and the mote is carried in the pocket as the pocket case.Hallway_people TracesHallway_peoplecrossing/necklace: Traces of indoor experiments in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications between two people carrying a necklace mote.configuration: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. The hallway represents one of the common indoor scenarios where people carrying a necklace mote approach each other from a long distance, get in radio contact and pass each other. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway is marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the people at the far edges of the hallway. Every time each person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i with the transmitter at position j are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format: The columns in the file are:Distance(meters)value(RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps))standard deviationHallway_peoplecrossing/pocket: Traces of indoor experiments in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications between two people carrying motes in their pocket.configuration: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. The hallway represents one of the common indoor scenarios where people carrying motes in their pocket approach each other from a long distance, get in radio contact and pass each other. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway is marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the people at the far edges of the hallway. Every time each person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i with the transmitter at position j are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format: The columns in the file are:Distance(meters)value(RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps))standard deviationHallway_tx_at_the_edgeTraceset of indoor experiments in a hallway in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications.file: Hallway_tx_at_the_edge.tar.gzdescription: The traceset contains results from indoors experiments in a 55 meter hallway in an office building where the transmitter is statically positioned at one edge of the hallway and one people carrying the receiver walking away from it.measurement purpose: Network Performance Analysismethodology: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway is marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the transmitter statically positioned at one edge of the hallway and one people carrying the receiver walking away from it. Every time each person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance. Three cases are considered: the mote is not on people as the Line of Sight case, the mote is hung on the chest as the necklace case and the mote is carried in the pocket as the pocket case.Hallway_tx_at_the_edge TracesHallway_tx_at_the_edge/LOS: Traces of indoor experiments in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications with the transmitter positioned at one edge of the hallway and the receiver moving away from it in LOS condition.configuration: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway is marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the transmitter statically positioned at one edge of the hallway and the receiver moving away from it. For LOS condition, the mote is not on people in this experiment. Every time each mote encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format: The columns in the file are: Distance(meters) value(RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps)) standard deviationHallway_tx_at_the_edge/necklace: Traces of indoor experiments in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications with the transmitter positioned at one edge of the hallway and the receiver (carried as a necklace) moving away from it.configuration: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway is marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the transmitter statically positioned at one edge of the hallway and one people carrying the receiver as a necklace walking away from it. Every time each person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format: The columns in the file are:Distance(meters)value(RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps))standard deviation.Hallway_turning_cornersTraceset of indoor experiments in a hallway in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications.file: Hallway_turning_corners.tar.gzdescription: The traceset contains results from indoors experiments in a 55 meter hallway in an office building where the person carrying the receiver node turns several corners in the building.measurement purpose: Network Performance Analysismethodology: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway and its two wings are marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the transmitter statically positioned in the middle of the hallway, hanging from the ceiling in LoS (Line of Sight) contact with the rest of the hallway. The receiver node is carried starting from one wing of the hallway, turning the corner after 20 meters into the hallway, and turning another corner after 70 meters out of the hallway into the other wing. Every time the person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance. Two cases are considered: the mote is hung on the chest as the necklace case and the mote is carried in the pocket as the pocket case.Hallway_turning_corners TracesHallway_turning_corners/neclace: Traces of indoor experiments in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications where the person carrying the receiver node as a necklace turns corners in the building.configuration: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway and its two wings are marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the transmitter statically positioned in the middle of the hallway, hanging from the ceiling in LoS (Line of Sight) contact with the rest of the hallway. The receiver node is carried starting from one wing of the hallway, turning the corner after 20 meters into the hallway, and turning another corner after 70 meters out of the hallway into the other wing. Every time the person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format: The columns in the file are: Distance(meters) value(RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps)) standard deviationHallway_turning_corners/pocket: Traces of indoor experiments in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications where the person carrying the receiver node in the pocket turns corners in the building.configuration: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway and its two wings are marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the transmitter statically positioned in the middle of the hallway, hanging from the ceiling in LoS (Line of Sight) contact with the rest of the hallway. The receiver node is carried starting from one wing of the hallway, turning the corner after 20 meters into the hallway, and turning another corner after 70 meters out of the hallway into the other wing. Every time the person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format: The columns in the file are:Distance(meters)value(RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps))standard deviationHallway_different_bodiesTraceset of indoor experiments in a hallway in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications.file: Hallway_different_bodies.tar.gzdescription: The traceset contains results from indoors experiments in a 55 meter hallway in an office building where the receiver node is carried by two people with different body sizes.measurement purpose: Network Performance Analysismethodology: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway is marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the transmitter statically positioned at one edge of the hallway, hanging from the ceiling in LoS (Line of Sight) contact with the rest of the hallway. The receiver node is carried starting under the transmitter node to the other end of the hallway by two people with different body sizes. Person A's weight and height are 55 Kg and 1.65 meters respectively, whereas Person B's weight and height are 78 Kg and 1.79 meters, respectively. Every time the person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.Hallway_different_bodies TracesHallway_different_bodies/personA: Traces of indoor experiments in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications where the receiver node is carried by a person with relatively small body size. configuration: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway is marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the transmitter statically positioned at one edge of the hallway, hanging from the ceiling in LoS (Line of Sight) contact with the rest of the hallway. The receiver node is carried starting under the transmitter node to the other end of the hallway by a person (called Person A) whose weight and height are 55 Kg and 1.65 meters. Every time the person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format:The columns in the file are:Distance(meters)value(RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps))standard deviationHallway_different_bodies/personB: Traces of indoor experiments in an office building measuring the radio characteristics of 802.15.4 mobile person-to-person communications where the receiver node is carried by a person with relatively big body size.configuration: This experiment is carried in a building hallway of an office building. In this case we take RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), LQI (Link Quality Indicator), and throughput measurements at the receiver as a function of the transmitter-receiver distance. The 55 meter hallway is marked by equally spaced markers every 2 meters and starting the experiments with the transmitter statically positioned at one edge of the hallway, hanging from the ceiling in LoS (Line of Sight) contact with the rest of the hallway. The receiver node is carried starting under the transmitter node to the other end of the hallway by a person (called Person B) whose weight and height are 78 Kg and 1.79 meters. Every time the person encounters a marker, the user button of the mote is clicked and a counter, which again represents an abstraction of the distance walked, is incremented. Every RSSI and LQI sample is stamped with the latest marker value which means that the RSSI and LQI values fall into bins identified by the number of markers minus one. The RSSI, LQI, and throughput values at the receiver at position i are calculated as the average of the RSSI, LQI, and throughput values collected by the receiver between position i and i+1 (assuming the receiver moves according to the i to i+1 direction). By knowing the starting location of the nodes it is possible to determine the relative sender-receiver distance and an RSSI, LQI, and throughput map for each distance.format: The columns in the file are: Distance(meters) value(RSSI(dBm), LQI or Throughput(bps)) standard deviation

本数据集收录了802.15.4无线移动人与人通信的无线电特性。该数据集包含了从一系列简单而系统的基准实验中获得的结果，这些实验提供了一系列关于移动802.15.4人与人通信无线电特性的重要见解。测量起始日期/时间：2007年8月12日；采集环境：未来移动感知系统正在使用802.15.4低功耗短距离无线电为从嵌入式移动节点到传感器激活的手机等多种设备进行设计，以支持以人为中心的感知应用。然而，关于802.15.4在移动传感器设置中的使用及其对未来通信架构性能的影响知之甚少。我们进行了一系列简单而系统的基准实验，这些实验可以提供关于移动802.15.4人与人通信无线电特性的重要见解。网络配置：在所有实验中，我们使用两个工作在2.4 GHz频段的Tmote Invents，一个作为发射器，另一个作为接收器。每个实验从大量Invents中选择不同的两个，以避免特定Invent硬件的偏见。发射器被编程以以最大传输功率（0 dBm）和传输速率发送数据包。数据收集方法：我们调查了诸如RSSI（接收信号强度指示器）、LQI（链路质量指示器）和吞吐量等指标，以表征无线传感器网络的无线电环境。我们还测量了有效接触时间，即节点之间在无线电接触中并且之间有足够的可用带宽以支持数据传输的时间窗口。我们根据三个基准进行实验：i）在远离障碍物和802.15.4无线电频段中的无线电干扰的足球场进行的室外实验；ii）在人行道上进行的室外实验，该人行道是城市环境的一个例子；iii）在办公大楼内55米长的走廊中进行的室内实验。在所有情况下，人们都以步行速度移动。我们将发射器和接收器节点放置在身体的不同位置进行实验，例如，在胸前挂有项链的节点，在口袋内。这一选择是基于我们同样对量化节点携带位置的影响感兴趣的事实。我们对每个实验重复五次，并计算95%置信区间。迹集：Soccer_field迹集：在足球场进行的室外实验，测量802.15.4移动人与人通信的无线电特性。文件：Soccer_field.tar.gz；描述：该迹集包含在远离障碍物和无线电干扰的足球场进行的室外实验结果，以获取关于移动802.15.4人与人通信无线电特性的见解。测量目的：网络性能分析；方法：我们在这个远离城镇、没有障碍物和无线电活动的足球场进行实验，以最大限度地减少测量过程中任何外部干扰和扰动的来源。足球场位于乡村地区，不在城镇内。发射器尽可能快地发送18字节长的数据包，接收器从接收到的每个数据包中检索并存储RSSI（接收信号强度指示器）和LQI（链路质量指示器）。我们还记录了在接收器处测量的发送器的吞吐量。我们在地面上绘制不同半径的同心圆，中心是测量期间发送节点位置。半径为：5、10、20、30、40、50、60米。在每个圆的圆周上，我们放置等距的标记，以识别沿圆周行走的距离。实验包括一个站在圆心的人穿着项链节点并面向固定方向，而另一个人穿着项链节点沿着每个圆行走。每次携带接收器的人经过标记时，接收器节点上的用户按钮被点击，并增加一个计数器，该计数器代表沿着圆周行走的距离的抽象。每个RSSI和LQI样本都带有最新的标记值，这意味着RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值存储在由标记数减一标识的箱结构中。圆周上位置由i表示的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值是位置i和i+1之间（假设接收器根据i到i+1的方向移动）的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值的平均值。这样，我们能够生成围绕发射器的360度RSSI、LQI和吞吐量图。为了获得一组比较点，我们还进行了发射器和接收器之间的视距（Line of Sight）测量，此时发射器放置在圆心，以确保没有障碍物在其附近，并且发射器和接收器被提升至离地面1.5米的高度。接收器缓慢地在同心圆上移动，保持与发射器的视距条件。接收器距离携带它的人约1米。这样，我们获得了围绕发射器的360度视距图，包括接收器测量的吞吐量、LQI和RSSI。Soccer_field迹集：Soccer_field/LOS：在足球场进行的室外实验，测量802.15.4移动人与人通信的无线电特性，进行视距（Line of Sight）测量。配置：我们在这个远离城镇、没有障碍物和无线电活动的足球场进行实验，以最大限度地减少测量过程中任何外部干扰和扰动的来源。足球场位于乡村地区，不在城镇内。发射器尽可能快地发送18字节长的数据包，接收器从接收到的每个数据包中检索并存储RSSI（接收信号强度指示器）和LQI（链路质量指示器）。我们还记录了在接收器处测量的发送器的吞吐量。我们在地面上绘制不同半径的同心圆，中心是测量期间发送节点位置。半径为：5、10、20、30、40、50、60米。在每个圆的圆周上，我们放置等距的标记，以识别沿圆周行走的距离。实验包括一个站在圆心的人穿着项链节点并面向固定方向，而另一个人穿着项链节点沿着每个圆行走。每次携带接收器的人经过标记时，接收器节点上的用户按钮被点击，并增加一个计数器，该计数器代表沿着圆周行走的距离的抽象。每个RSSI和LQI样本都带有最新的标记值，这意味着RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值存储在由标记数减一标识的箱结构中。圆周上位置由i表示的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值是位置i和i+1之间（假设接收器根据i到i+1的方向移动）的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值的平均值。这样，我们能够生成围绕发射器的360度RSSI、LQI和吞吐量图。为了获得一组比较点，我们还进行了发射器和接收器之间的视距（Line of Sight）测量，此时发射器放置在圆心，以确保没有障碍物在其附近，并且发射器和接收器被提升至离地面1.5米的高度。接收器缓慢地在同心圆上移动，保持与发射器的视距条件。接收器距离携带它的人约1米。这样，我们获得了围绕发射器的360度视距图，包括接收器测量的吞吐量、LQI和RSSI。Soccer_field/necklace：在足球场进行的室外实验，测量802.15.4移动人与人通信的无线电特性，其中两个人携带项链节点。配置：这一组实验展示了在典型的城市环境中，人们携带短距离无线电节点并在人行道上相遇时的移动到移动通信 rendezvous 的无线电行为。在这种情况下，我们记录接收器处测量的RSSI（接收信号强度指示器）、LQI（链路质量指示器）和吞吐量值，这些值作为发射器和接收器距离的函数。实验包括两个携带发送器和接收器节点的人从远处走向对方，并最终相遇和交叉。人行道沿着一条街道，街道两侧约15米处有建筑物。由于测量结果是以发送器和接收器之间的距离为函数报告的，我们标记了160米的人行道。每个标记相隔2米，每次实验开始时，两个人位于160米远的地方（以便通过让他们在无线电接触之外开始实验来开始实验）。每次每个人遇到标记时，节点上的用户按钮被点击，并增加一个计数器，该计数器再次代表沿着人行道行走的距离的抽象。每个RSSI和LQI样本都带有最新的标记值，这意味着RSSI和LQI值落在由标记数减一标识的箱中。接收器在位置i，发射器在位置j处的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值是接收器在位置i和i+1之间收集的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值的平均值（假设接收器根据i到i+1的方向移动）。通过知道节点的起始位置，可以确定发送器与接收器之间的相对距离以及每个距离的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量图。考虑了两种情况：节点挂在胸前，类似于项链情况；节点放在口袋里，类似于口袋情况。Soccer_field/pocket：在足球场进行的室外实验，测量802.15.4移动人与人通信的无线电特性，其中两个人将节点放在口袋里。配置：这一组实验展示了在典型的城市环境中，人们携带短距离无线电节点并在人行道上相遇时的移动到移动通信 rendezvous 的无线电行为。在这种情况下，我们记录接收器处测量的RSSI（接收信号强度指示器）、LQI（链路质量指示器）和吞吐量值，这些值作为发射器和接收器距离的函数。实验包括两个携带发送器和接收器节点的人从远处走向对方，并最终相遇和交叉。人行道沿着一条街道，街道两侧约15米处有建筑物。由于测量结果是以发送器和接收器之间的距离为函数报告的，我们标记了160米的人行道。每个标记相隔2米，每次实验开始时，两个人位于160米远的地方（以便通过让他们在无线电接触之外开始实验来开始实验）。每次每个人遇到标记时，节点上的用户按钮被点击，并增加一个计数器，该计数器再次代表沿着人行道行走的距离的抽象。每个RSSI和LQI样本都带有最新的标记值，这意味着RSSI和LQI值落在由标记数减一标识的箱中。接收器在位置i，发射器在位置j处的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值是接收器在位置i和i+1之间收集的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量值的平均值（假设接收器根据i到i+1的方向移动）。通过知道节点的起始位置，可以确定发送器与接收器之间的相对距离以及每个距离的RSSI、LQI和吞吐量图。考虑了两种情况：节点挂在胸前，类似于项链情况；节点放在口袋里，类似于口袋情况。