道路边坡及裸露山体植被恢复与生态防护技术

1.本研究在广州番禺、湖南长沙、贵州黔东南州、四川成都等四个区域进行了乡土植物筛选、培育，并在植物筛选工作基础上进行深入的植物配置研究。筛选出了一批超过30种，适应于不同气候带道路边坡及裸露山体生态治理的乡土植物，确定了10个以上植物配置方案应用于受损裸露坡面生态修复工程，并取得了良好的工程效果。 2.结合当前菌根菌育苗技术的最新发展状况，采用菌根菌育苗技术，培育了相应的受损裸露坡面生态修复工程植物，实现了菌株和菌根菌苗的产业化。 3.开发出了有效的植物种子处理技术和包衣技术，实现了植物种子精量化喷播，建立了完善的种子处理技术体系，同时以种子处理技术为突破口，有助于实现受损裸露坡面生态修复工程的植物多样性营造与保护。 4.通过对造纸废液木质素进行化学改性，研制出有机新型植生基材添加剂，并最终实现产业化，推向生态治理市场 通过对海泡石、沸石、珍珠岩、蛭石、麦饭石等5种材料不同用量和配比对植物生长的影响研究，确定最佳添加方案，最终成功研制出无机新型植生基材添加剂。 5.将农业中的平衡施肥技术引入裸露坡面生态治理工程，通过强调基材养分配比协调的横向平衡及养分释放与植物吸收相同步的纵向平衡，使喷混基材能够为植物生长提供持续均衡的肥力，从而在防止植被退化方而起到关键性作用。 6.在裸露坡面植被恢复综合技术体系研究方面取得了重要成果。本项目以具体承包工程示范为基础，总结出了裸露坡面植被恢复的设计原则，提出了应用于土质边坡、风化岩质边坡、弱风化岩边坡和垂直坡面的多种植被恢复技术，包括直接液压喷播技术、挂网液压喷播技术、挖沟挂网喷播技术、土工格室挂网喷播技术、喷混植生技术、厚层基材喷播技术和藤蔓植物护坡技术以及裸露坡面植被恢复工程的养护管理技术。 7.在裸露坡面植被质量评价体系及技术规范的研究方面取得重要成果。课题组应用层次分析方法构建了裸露坡面植被品质评价体系SVQES，为道路边坡及裸露山体建植植被群路的品质评定提供了理论依据。

1. This study carried out native plant screening and cultivation in four regions, namely Panyu District of Guangzhou, Changsha City of Hunan Province, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province, and Chengdu City of Sichuan Province. Based on the plant screening work, in-depth research on plant configuration was conducted. More than 30 native plant species adapted to ecological management of road slopes and bare mountain slopes in different climate zones were screened out, and over 10 plant configuration schemes were determined for application in ecological restoration projects of damaged bare slopes, achieving excellent engineering effects.
2. Combining the latest developments in current mycorrhizal fungi seedling cultivation technology, mycorrhizal fungi seedling raising technology was adopted to cultivate corresponding plants for ecological restoration projects of damaged bare slopes, realizing the industrialization of strains and mycorrhizal fungi seedlings.
3. Effective plant seed treatment technology and coating technology were developed, achieving precision quantitative spray seeding of plant seeds, and a complete seed treatment technology system was established. Taking seed treatment technology as a breakthrough point, it helps to realize the construction and protection of plant diversity in ecological restoration projects of damaged bare slopes.
4. Through chemical modification of lignin from papermaking waste liquor, a new organic vegetation substrate additive was developed and finally industrialized and launched into the ecological management market. Through research on the effects of different dosages and proportions of five materials including sepiolite, zeolite, perlite, vermiculite and maifan stone on plant growth, the optimal addition scheme was determined, and a new inorganic vegetation substrate additive was successfully developed finally.
5. The balanced fertilization technology in agriculture was introduced into the ecological management project of bare slopes. By emphasizing the horizontal balance of substrate nutrient ratio coordination and the vertical balance of nutrient release synchronized with plant absorption, the spray-mixed substrate can provide sustained and balanced fertility for plant growth, thus playing a key role in preventing vegetation degradation.
6. Important achievements have been made in the research on the comprehensive technical system for vegetation restoration on bare slopes. Based on specific contracted engineering demonstrations, this project summarized the design principles of bare slope vegetation restoration, and proposed multiple vegetation restoration technologies applicable to soil slopes, weathered rock slopes, weakly weathered rock slopes and vertical slopes, including direct hydraulic spray seeding technology, net-hanging hydraulic spray seeding technology, trench-net hanging spray seeding technology, geocell-net hanging spray seeding technology, spray-mixed vegetation technology, thick-layer substrate spray seeding technology and vine plant slope protection technology, as well as the maintenance and management technology for bare slope vegetation restoration projects.
7. Important achievements have been made in the research on the vegetation quality evaluation system and technical specifications for bare slopes. The research team constructed the Slope Vegetation Quality Evaluation System (SVQES) using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which provides a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation of vegetation communities established on road slopes and bare mountain slopes.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集详细记录了道路边坡及裸露山体植被恢复与生态防护技术的研究成果，包括乡土植物筛选、菌根菌育苗技术、种子处理技术等关键技术的应用与效果。数据集为2015年的研究成果，数据格式为文本，完全公开共享。