List of all phages used in this study.

The table lists all details regarding the taxonomic classification, isolation/source, host receptors, and genomic features of all phages used in this study. As Caudovirales, all these phages are classified as Viruses/Duplodnaviria/Heunggongvirae/Uroviricota/Caudoviricetes/Caudovirales, so only the classification on the level of family and below as defined by the current viral taxonomy of the ICTV (https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/; [58,144]) is listed. For the reference phages, genome sizes and estimation of RM system recognition sites are based on the reference genomes in NCBI GenBank as indicated. Note that for phage T5, the reference genome includes the 10,219 bp terminal repeat twice, unlike all other Markadamsvirinae genomes that we listed. The P2vir phage had been isolated as a spontaneous mutant of a P2 cox3 prophage (supposedly unable to excise [151]) and was analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (as described in Materials and methods), revealing few single-nucleotide differences to the reference genome, the expected cox3 mutation, and a 1-bp insertion in the lysogeny repressor gene C that results in a premature stop codon. Recognition sites of RM systems were identified using Geneious Prime 2021.0.1. The numbers include the 2 orientations of palindromic recognition sequences separately and do not account for the fact that the counts are not fully comparable, e.g., because type III RM systems require 2 unmodified recognition sites in head-to-head orientation for cleavage [47]. Given the high number of type III RM recognition sites in all genomes because of their short length (5 nt in case of both EcoCFT_II and EcoP1_I, see Fig 2B), this limitation is largely theoretical. ICTV, International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses; RM, restriction–modification. (XLSX)