Pv-X raw data

Raw data from scientific article "Plasmodium vivax chloroquine resistance links to pvcrt transcription in a genetic cross" by Sa JM et al, under review by Nature Communications.
The study describes the first laboratory genetic cross between Plasmodium vivax parasites completed in vivo because this parasite cannot be cultivated in vitro continuously. To generate infectious gametes (gametocytes) from the parasite blood stages for cross-fertilization in Anopheles mosquitoes, a chimpanzee received fresh infected blood from two New Word monkeys. New World monkeys develop blood stages from some P. vivax lines, but the gametocytes are poorly transmitted to mosquitoes. To allow a large variety of recombinants to develop in mosquitoes we performed 6 feedings using various Anopheles species, dissected midgut to assess presence and number of oocysts in infected mosquitoes, then extracted recombinant sporozoites from mosquito salivary glands. These sporozoites were cryopreserved for six months to allow immunity decrease in the chimpanzee from the first blood stage inoculation. After this period, different batches of sporozoites were thawed and inoculated into the chimpanzee to allow liver stage development and recovery of blood stage recombinant progeny. After recovery of a diverse progeny, these were phenotyped and genotyped in New World monkeys, which allow measurement of parasite response to the antimalarial chloroquine. Linkage mapping of progeny surviving >15 mg/kg CQ identifies a 76 kb region in chromosome 1 including pvcrt, an ortholog of the Plasmodium falciparum CQR transporter gene. Transcriptional analysis supports upregulated pvcrt expression as a mechanism of CQR.