THE FUNCTIONING OF ARCHAISMS AND HISTORICISMS IN THE WORKS OF RUSSIAN WRITERS

This article analyzes the artistic, stylistic and semantic functions of archaisms and historicisms used in the works of Russian writers. It highlights the important role of such lexical units in restoring the spirit of the historical era, individualizing the hero's speech and increasing the aesthetic impact of the work. While archaisms constitute an outdated but figurative layer of the language, historicisms serve to create the color of the era by expressing certain historical realities and concepts. The article shows the functional properties of ancient words in the text based on examples from the works of such writers as A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, L.N. Tolstoy. It also explains the impact of such units on the reader's thinking and their role in the formation of historical memory. The results of the research are of theoretical and practical importance in a deeper understanding of the language of the literary text and the study of historical lexicon.