Even when you know it is a placebo, you experience less sadness: First evidence from an experimental open-label placebo investigation (Open Data and Open Materials)
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<strong>Open Data and Open Materials of: Even when you know it is a placebo, you experience less sadness: First evidence from an experimental open-label placebo investigation. <em>Journal of Affective Disorders</em>. </strong> <em>Background:</em> Recent studies demonstrate substantial effects of deceptive placebo on experimentally induced sadness,<br> even on autonomic activity. Whether deception is necessary, remains to be elucidated. We investigated the<br> effect of an open-label placebo (OLP) treatment, i.e. an openly administered placebo delivered with a convincing<br> rationale for its sadness-protecting effect.<br> <em>Methods:</em> Eighty-four healthy females were randomized to an OLP group or a no-treatment control group. All<br> participants received the same detailed information about the OLP effect, only the OLP group received an OLP<br> nasal spray. Before and after the OLP intervention, participants underwent a sad mood induction procedure<br> combining self-deprecating statements (Velten's method) and sad music. Sadness was assessed by the Positive<br> and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X). Autonomic activity was measured continuously.<br> <em>Results:</em> Participants in the OLP group reported a significantly attenuated increase in sadness upon mood induction<br> and less sadness after induction compared to the control group (d = 0.79). Regardless of intervention,<br> heart rate decreased during mood inductions with a more pronounced deceleration in the second mood induction.<br> <em>Limitations:</em> Generalizability is limited due to the selective sample and the reliance on an experimentally controlled<br> mood induction.<br> <em>Conclusion:</em> OLP treatment had a beneficial effect on perceived sadness, at least at the subjective level. Hence,<br> deception may not necessarily be required for placebos to modulate experienced sad mood. Investigating the<br> beneficial effects of OLP in (sub-)clinical samples would seem a promising and required next step towards a<br> clinical use of placebo-associated positive treatment expectations.
