ECOLOGICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS, BIODIVERSITY, AND ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE LANDSCAPES OF THE OHANGARON RIVER BASIN AND VALLEY

This scientific article presents a comprehensive analysis of the geographical location, climatic conditions, hydrological regime, floristic and faunistic composition, and contemporary anthropogenic modifications of the landscapes in the Ohangaron Valley, an integral part of the Chirchiq-Ohangaron hydrological basin. Based on precise factual data, the geomorphological structure of ecosystems in the upper and middle reaches of the Ohangaron River, the distribution of landscape types across altitudinal zones, and the impact of climate change on glacial areas and overall river runoff are illuminated. Furthermore, the study scientifically evaluates the influence of major industrial complexes (Angren coal mine, Olmaliq Mining and Metallurgical Complex, etc.) and hydro-technical installations (Ohangaron and Tuyaboʻgʻiz reservoirs) located in the valley on the pollution and transformation of natural landscape complexes. The article develops ecological-geographical and institutional recommendations aimed at preserving the natural potential of the Ohangaron Valley, restoring degraded ecosystems, and establishing a system of sustainable resource management.