Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2010 - Roma Settlements - Serbia|社会经济调查数据集|儿童福祉数据集

Abstract
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The Serbia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a household survey programme conducted in 2010 by UNICEF and the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS). The survey provides valuable information on the situation of children, women and men in Serbia, and was based, in large part, on the needs to monitor progress towards goals and targets emanating from recent international agreements: the Millennium Declaration, and the Plan of Action of A World Fit For Children. Both of these commitments build upon promises made by the international community at the 1990 World Summit for Children.

The fourth round of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey represents a large source of data for reporting on progress towards the aforementioned goals. The survey provides a rich foundation of comparative data for comprehensive progress reporting, especially regarding the situation of the most vulnerable children (children in the poorest households, Roma children or those living in rural areas). It also provides important information for the new UNICEF Country Programme 2011-2015 as well as the UNDAF 2011-2015. This final report presents the results of the indicators and topics covered in the survey.

Datasets documented here cover Roma Settlements sample representative of the population living in Roma settlements in Serbia. A total of 1,815 Roma households were selected: 1,311 households with children and 504 households without children. A stratified, two-stage random sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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- individuals
- households

Universe
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The survey covered household members in Roma settlements, all women aged between 15-49 years, all children under 5 living in the household, and all men aged 15-29 years.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The primary objective of the sample design for the Roma settlements Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was to produce statistically reliable estimates of most indicators, at the level of Serbia, and for urban and rural areas.

A stratified, two-stage random sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample.

The target sample size for the Roma settlements was calculated as 1,800 households and 100 enumeration areas, considering the proposed formula and budget available. For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was the percentage of children aged 0-4 years who had had Acute Respiratory infections.

The resulting number of households from this exercise was about 2,700 households, which is the sample size needed to provide a large number of children under 5 (about 1,300) for drawing reliable conclusions. Therefore, in order to reduce the number of households in the sample, but not to lose estimation reliability, the stratification of the sample into categories with and without children aged 0-4 years was needed. The required number of households in each category was obtained supposing an overall sample of 1800 households, 100 clusters and same number of households with children under 5 per cluster. Assuming one child under 5 per household and considering the required number of sample children, the total sample size was calculated as 1,300 (13 per cluster) households with children under 5 and 500(5 per cluster) of households without children under 5.Thus, the overall number of households to be selected per cluster was determined as 18 households.

Stratification of enumeration areas for Roma settlements was done according to type of settlement (urban and rural), and territory, to the three strata: Vojvodina, Belgrade and Central Serbia without Belgrade.

Sample allocation of enumeration areas according to territory and type of settlement was not proportional to the number of Roma households. In order to produce estimates with better precision for territories and urban/rural domains, the number of enumeration areas for Vojvodina and rural domains was increased.

The sampling procedures are more fully described in "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2010 - Final Report" pp.261-263.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaires for Roma settlements are the Generic MICS questionnaires based on the MICS4 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age and relationship. The household questionnaire includes household listing form, education, water and sanitation, household characteristics, child discipline and hand washing.

In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49, children under age five and men age 15-29. For children, the questionnaire was administered to the mother or primary caretaker of the child.

The women's questionnaire includes woman's background, access to mass media and ICT, child mortality, desire for last birth, maternal and newborn health, illness symptoms, contraception, unmet need, attitudes toward domestic violence, marriage/union, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS, and life satisfaction.

The children's questionnaire includes child's age, birth registration, early childhood development, breastfeeding, care of illness, and anthropometry.

The men's questionnaire includes man's background, access to mass media and ICT, marriage/union, contraception, attitudes toward domestic violence, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS, and life satisfaction.

The questionnaires were developed in English from the MICS4 Model Questionnaires, and were translated into Serbian. The Serbian versions were pre-tested in Belgrade during September 2010 and modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires based on the results of the pre-test.

Cleaning operations
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Data was entered using the CSPro software. The data entry was carried out on 10 microcomputers by 20 data entry operators and 4 data entry supervisors. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programmes developed under the global MICS4 programme and adapted to Serbia’s questionnaire were used throughout.

Data processing began simultaneously with data collection and was completed in March 2011. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software programme, Version 18, and the model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were used for this purpose.

Response rate
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The response rate of households is 96 percent. (Of the 1815 households selected for the sample, 1782 were found to be occupied. Of these, 1711 were successfully interviewed.)

The response rate of women is 95 percent within interviewed households. (In the interviewed households, 2234 women aged between 15-49 years were identified. Of these, 2118 were successfully interviewed.)

The response rate of children is 99 percent within interviewed households. (1618 children under the age of five were listed in the household questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed for 1604 of these children.)

The response rate of men is 78 percent within interviewed households.(1121 men aged between 15-29 years were identified. Of these, 877 were successfully interviewed.)

Overall response rates of 91, 95 and 75 percent respectively are calculated for the women’s, under-5’s and men’s interviews.

Sampling error estimates
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Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between the estimates from all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly, but can be estimated statistically from the survey data.

The following sampling error measures are presented for each of the selected indicators:
- Standard error (se): Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of standard errors for particular indicators (means, proportions etc). Standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimate. The Taylor linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors.
- Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value of the indicator, and is a measure of the relative sampling error.
- Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design in relation to the precision. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates the increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
- Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall, with a specified level of confidence. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (r + 2se or r – 2se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, SPSS Version 18 Complex Samples module has been used.Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest, for the national level and for urban and rural areas. Five of the selected indicators are based on household members, 18 are based on women, 8 are based on men and 12 are based on children under 5. All indicators presented here are in the form of proportions.

Data appraisal
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A series of data quality tables of Roma settlements are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:

- Age distribution of the household population
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
- Age distribution of children under 5 in household and children under 5 questionnaires
- Women’s completion rates by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Men’s completion rates by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completion rates for under-5 questionnaires by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completeness of reporting
- Completeness of information for anthropometric indicators
- Heaping in anthropometric measurements
- Observation of places for hand washing
- Observation of under-5s birth certificates
- Presence of mother in the household and the person interviewed for the under-5 questionnaire
- Selection of children age 2–14 years for the child discipline module
- School attendance by single age
- Sex ratio at birth among children ever born and living

The results of each of these data quality tables of Roma settlements are shown in appendix D in document "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2010 - Final Report" pp.291-299.

摘要
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塞尔维亚多指标集群调查（MICS）是由联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）和塞尔维亚共和国统计局（SORS）于2010年进行的一项家庭调查项目。该调查提供了关于塞尔维亚儿童、妇女和男性的宝贵信息，其主要依据是监测近年来国际协议所制定的目标和指标的进展需求：千年宣言和《为儿童创造适宜世界的行动纲领》。这两项承诺都建立在国际社会在1990年世界儿童峰会所作出的承诺之上。

多指标集群调查的第四轮调查为报告上述目标的进展提供了一大批数据来源。该调查为综合进展报告提供了丰富的比较数据基础，尤其是在关于最脆弱儿童（最贫困家庭的儿童、罗姆儿童或生活在农村地区的儿童）的状况方面。它还提供了对2011-2015年联合国儿童基金会国家计划以及2011-2015年联合国开发计划署（UNDAF）的重要信息。本最终报告展示了调查涵盖的指标和主题的结果。

此处记录的数据库涵盖了代表塞尔维亚罗姆社区人口的罗姆社区样本。共选择了1,815户罗姆家庭：1,311户有儿童的家庭和504户无儿童的家庭。采用了分层两阶段随机抽样方法来选择调查样本。

地理覆盖范围
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全国

分析单元
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- 个人
- 家庭

总体
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调查涵盖了罗姆社区的住户、所有15-49岁的妇女、所有5岁以下的家庭儿童以及所有15-29岁的男性。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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罗姆社区多指标集群调查样本设计的主要目标是产生对大多数指标在塞尔维亚水平上的统计可靠估计，以及城市和农村地区。

使用了分层两阶段随机抽样方法来选择调查样本。

罗姆社区的预期样本量计算为1,800户家庭和100个统计区域，考虑到建议的公式和可用预算。在计算样本量时，使用的关键指标是0-4岁儿童急性呼吸道感染的比例。

由此产生的家庭数量约为2,700户，这是提供大量5岁以下儿童（约1,300人）所需样本量，以便得出可靠的结论。因此，为了减少样本中的家庭数量，但又不失去估计的可靠性，需要对样本进行分层，分为有和无0-4岁儿童的家庭类别。每个类别所需的户数是在假设总体样本为1,800户家庭、100个集群以及每个集群相同数量的5岁以下儿童的情况下获得的。假设每个家庭有一个5岁以下儿童，并考虑所需的样本儿童数量，总样本量计算为1,300（每个集群13户）有5岁以下儿童的 household 和500（每个集群5户）无5岁以下儿童的 household。因此，每个集群需选择的 household 总数为18户。

罗姆社区的统计区域分层是根据居住类型（城市和农村）和领土进行的，分为三个层次：沃伊伏丁那、贝尔格莱德和贝尔格莱德以外的塞尔维亚中部。

按领土和居住类型分配统计区域的样本分配并不与罗姆家庭的数量成比例。为了产生对领土和城市/农村领域的更好精确度的估计，增加了沃伊伏丁那和农村领域的统计区域数量。

抽样程序在“多指标集群调查2010年 - 最终报告”的第261-263页中进行了更详细的描述。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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罗姆社区的问卷是基于MICS4模型问卷的通用MICS问卷，经过一些修改和补充。在每个家庭进行了家庭问卷，收集了有关家庭成员的各种信息，包括性别、年龄和关系。家庭问卷包括家庭清单表、教育、水和卫生、家庭特征、儿童纪律和洗手。

除了家庭问卷外，还向每个家庭中的15-49岁的妇女、5岁以下的儿童和15-29岁的男性进行了问卷。对于儿童，问卷由孩子的母亲或主要照顾者进行。

妇女问卷包括妇女背景、大众媒体和ICT的接入、儿童死亡率、对最后生育的愿望、母亲和新生儿健康、疾病症状、避孕、未满足的需求、对家庭暴力的态度、婚姻/伴侣、性行为、HIV/AIDS和生命满意度。

儿童问卷包括儿童的年龄、出生登记、早期儿童发展、母乳喂养、疾病护理和体格测量。

男性问卷包括男性背景、大众媒体和ICT的接入、婚姻/伴侣、避孕、对家庭暴力的态度、性行为、HIV/AIDS和生命满意度。

问卷是在英语中从MICS4模型问卷中开发的，并翻译成了塞尔维亚语。塞尔维亚语的版本在2010年9月贝尔格莱德进行了预测试，并根据预测试的结果对问卷的文字和翻译进行了修改。

数据清洗
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使用CSPro软件输入数据。数据输入由20名数据录入员和4名数据录入监督员在10台微型计算机上完成。为了确保质量控制，所有问卷都进行了双重输入，并执行了内部一致性检查。在整个全球MICS4计划下开发的程序和标准程序，并根据塞尔维亚问卷进行了调整，被用于整个过程中。

数据处理与数据收集同时开始，并在2011年3月完成。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）软件程序，版本18，以及联合国儿童基金会为此目的开发的模型语法和表格计划进行分析。

响应率
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家庭的响应率为96％。（在选定的1,815户家庭中，发现1,782户有人居住。其中，1,711户被成功访谈。）

在访谈的家庭中，妇女的响应率为95％。（在访谈的家庭中，确定了2,234名15-49岁的妇女。其中，2,118名被成功访谈。）

在访谈的家庭中，儿童的响应率为99％。（家庭问卷中列出了1,618名5岁以下的儿童。其中，1,604名完成了问卷。）

在访谈的家庭中，男性的响应率为78％。（确定了1,121名15-29岁的男性。其中，877名被成功访谈。）

分别计算了妇女、5岁以下儿童和男性的整体响应率，分别为91％、95％和75％。

抽样误差估计
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抽样误差是衡量所有可能样本估计之间变异性的指标。变异性的程度无法确切知道，但可以从调查数据中统计估计。

以下抽样误差措施针对每个选定的指标进行了呈现：
- 标准误差（se）：抽样误差通常以特定指标（平均值、比例等）的标准误差来衡量。标准误差是估计方差的平方根。使用泰勒线性化方法进行标准误差的估计。
- 变异系数（se/r）是标准误差与指标值之比，是相对抽样误差的衡量指标。
- 设计效应（deff）是使用调查中采用的抽样方法的实际指标方差与在简单随机抽样假设下计算的方差之比。设计效应的平方根（deft）用于显示样本设计在精度方面的效率。deft值为1.0表示样本设计与简单随机样本一样有效，而deft值大于1.0表示由于使用了更复杂的样本设计而导致标准误差的增加。
- 置信限是计算出来以显示真实值在人口中可能合理假设的区间，置信度为指定水平。对于从调查中计算出的任何给定的统计量，该统计量的值将在所有可能样本的95％中落在加或减两倍标准误差（r + 2se或r - 2se）的范围内。
- 为了从MICS数据计算抽样误差，使用了SPSS版本18的复杂数据模块。为一级感兴趣的指标、国家层面和城市及农村地区计算了抽样误差。
- 五个选定的指标基于家庭成员，18个基于妇女，8个基于男性，12个基于5岁以下儿童。此处展示的所有指标均以比例的形式呈现。

数据评估
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一系列罗姆社区的数据质量表可用于审查数据质量，包括以下内容：
- 家庭人口的年龄分布
- 合格和访谈妇女的年龄分布
- 合格和访谈男性的年龄分布
- 家庭和5岁以下儿童问卷中5岁以下儿童的年龄分布
- 妇女完成率按家庭社会经济特征
- 男性完成率按家庭社会经济特征
- 5岁以下儿童问卷的完成率按家庭社会经济特征
- 报告的完整性
- 体格指标信息的完整性
- 体格测量中的堆积
- 洗手观察地点
- 5岁以下儿童出生证明的观察
- 家庭中有母亲和访谈5岁以下问卷的人
- 选择2-14岁儿童进行儿童纪律模块
- 单个年龄段的学校出席率
- 已出生并存活儿童中出生时的性别比

罗姆社区每个这些数据质量表的结果都在“多指标集群调查2010年 - 最终报告”的附录D中呈现。