Social Participation Type and Career Adaptability Among Young Adults in Poland: An Examination of the Mediation Effect of Promotional and Preventive Regulatory Focus

The aim of the presented study was to investigate the relationship between the career adapt-ability and the implementation of developmental tasks by young adults with regard to life orientation type, and to check whether self-regulation is a mediator in the relationship between life orientation and career adapt-ability. In total, 435 young adults (274 women and 160 men) aged 18 to 34 years were included (M = 23.76; SD = 3.37). The study used the Social Participation Questionnaire (Kwestionariusz Partycypacji Społecznej – KPS) by Brzezińska, Hejmanowska and Rękosiewicz, based on the theoretical approach to life orientation by Reinders, Bergs-Winkels, Butz and Claßen, as well as the Social Participation Self-Regulation Scale by Kolańczyk, Bąk and Brzezińska, based on Higgins, and the Polish version of the CareerAdapt-Abilities Scale-5 by Savickas and Portfeli (five-factor version by Nye and colleagues). This analysis was aimed at verifying the following hypotheses:
Hypothesis 1: The type of life orientation is significantly related to the type of social participation and career adapt-ability. It is assumed that a transitive orientation, as well as the assimilation and integration of social participation types, are positively associated with all dimensions of career adapt-ability, while the moratorium orientation, as well as the marginalization and segregation types, are negatively associated.
Hypothesis 2: A significant relationship exists between self-regulation and the components of career adapt-ability:
Hypothesis 2a: in the case of promotional standards, this relationship will be positive
Hypothesis 2b: In the case of preventive standards, this relationship will be negative
Hypothesis 3: A significant relationship exists between self-regulation and life orientations
Hypothesis 3a: in the case of promotional standards, there will be a positive relationship with a transitive orientation and a negative relationship with a moratorium one
Hypothesis 3b: in the case of preventive standards, there will be a positive relationship with a moratorium orientation and a negative relationship with a transitive one
Hypothesis 4: Self-regulation mediates the relationship between life orientation and career adapt-ability. Due to the young age of the respondents, a significant mediation effect can be expected from promotional standards, because they are activated by the needs of growth and development and focus the individual on achieving positive results.

本研究旨在探讨职业适应性及其在生活取向类型上的实施与青年人的关系，并检验自我调节在生活取向与职业适应性关系中的中介作用。共纳入435名18至34岁的青年人（女性274名，男性160名，平均年龄23.76岁，标准差3.37岁）。研究采用了Brzezińska、Hejmanowska和Rękosiewicz编制的《社会参与问卷》（Kwestionariusz Partycypacji Społecznej – KPS），该问卷基于Reinders、Bergs-Winkels、Butz和Claßen的生活取向理论，以及Kolańczyk、Bąk和Brzezińska编制的《社会参与自我调节量表》，该量表基于Higgins的理论，并使用Savickas和Portfeli编制的波兰版《职业适应性能力量表-5》（五因素版本，由Nye等人编制）。本研究旨在验证以下假设：

假设1：生活取向的类型与社交参与类型及职业适应性之间存在显著关联。假设过渡取向，以及社交参与类型的同化和整合，与职业适应性的所有维度呈正相关，而延缓取向以及边缘化和隔离类型则呈负相关。

假设2：自我调节与职业适应性的组成部分之间存在显著关系：

假设2a：在促进标准的情况下，这种关系将是正相关的

假设2b：在预防标准的情况下，这种关系将是负相关的

假设3：自我调节与生活取向之间存在显著关系：

假设3a：在促进标准的情况下，将与过渡取向存在正相关，与延缓取向存在负相关

假设3b：在预防标准的情况下，将与延缓取向存在正相关，与过渡取向存在负相关

假设4：自我调节在生活取向与职业适应性的关系中起到中介作用。鉴于受访者的年轻年龄，可以预期在促进标准下存在显著的调节效应，因为它们由成长和发展的需求所激活，并使个体专注于实现积极成果。