Results from the regression equation, unstandardized Beta values are listed first and t-statistics are in parentheses; significance is indicated using either **, *, or +(** p<0.01, *p<0.05, +p<.10).

Models I–IV show simple associations between SES, family language complexity or child language complexity (measured during a dinner time conversation), percent change in salivary cortisol (over the time of fMRI scanning) and (a) novel rule accuracy or (b) activation to in the right middle frontal gyrus region of interest. Model IV includes 15 children; 3 children were dropped from this analysis because their cortisol samples were not collected (2 subjects) or the values acquired for them were more than 3 standard deviations from the mean (1 subject).