Linked dataset of graduation records, exam scores and university enrollment for Kazakhstan twins, 2021–2024

This dataset comprises 6,216 individuals from 3,108 twin pairs who completed secondary schooling in Kazakhstan between 2021 and 2024. It links three national administrative systems within Kazakhstan's National Education Database (NEDB): the secondary school graduation registry, the Unified National Test (UNT) examination database, and the university enrollment registry. The dataset contains 197 variables covering demographic characteristics, school infrastructure attributes, UNT scores across up to five examination sittings, university enrollment status and funding type, and twin-pair linkage identifiers. Twin pairs were identified by matching the family-level component of Kazakhstan's Individual Identification Number among students sharing the same birth date within a graduation cohort. Direct personal identifiers have been replaced with synthetic identifiers prior to release.