PPARG-centric transcriptional re-wiring during differentiation of human trophoblast stem cells into extravillous trophoblasts [ChIP-seq]

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARG) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor critical for placental development. Using human trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and their differentiation into extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) as a model, we show that PPARG is required for both TSC self-renewal and EVT differentiation. ChIP-seq revealed that PPARG occupies distinct sets of regulatory elements in TSCs and EVTs, forming cell-type specific transcriptional networks. Integration with other trophoblast-specific transcription factors suggests that PPARG participates in transcriptional re-wiring during EVT differentiation. Functionally, activation of PPARG promotes EVT invasion, suggesting a potential connection between PPARG signaling and placental pathologies such as placenta accreta. These findings highlight context-specific roles of PPARG in modulating gene expression and cell behavior during human trophoblast development. ChIP-seq for PPARG was performed in human trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and at multiple stages of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) differentiation, including day 2, 4, 6, and 8.