fmb-2022-0081_supplementarydata

Insights into the arms race between bacteria and invading mobile genetic elements have revealed the
intricacies of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system and the
counter-defenses of bacteriophages. Incredible spacer diversity but significant spacer conservation among
species/subspecies dictates the specificity of the CRISPR-Cas system. Researchers have exploited this
feature to type/subtype the bacterial strains, devise targeted antimicrobials and regulate gene expression.
This review focuses on the nuances of the CRISPR-Cas systems in Enterobacteriaceae that predominantly
harbor type I-E and I-F CRISPR systems. We discuss the systems’ regulation by the global regulators, H-NS,
LeuO, LRP, cAMP receptor protein and other regulators in response to environmental stress. We further
discuss the regulation of noncanonical functions like DNA repair pathways, biofilm formation, quorum
sensing and virulence by the CRISPR-Cas system. The review comprehends multiple facets of the CRISPR-Cas
system in Enterobacteriaceae including its diverse attributes, association with genetic features, regulation
and gene regulatory mechanisms.