Accumulation of glucose-coated gold nanoparticles in human primary astrocytes in co-cultures.

aTime after application of nanoparticles to the apical surface of the brain endothelium (hCMEC/D3).
bTotal number of astrocytes observed.
cPercentage of astrocytes with intracellular nanoparticles, mean ± SEM.
dThe distance of each astrocyte containing nanoparticles from the basal surface of the endothelium in µm, mean ±SEM. Figures in brackets indicate the maximum distance observed.
eNumber of nanoparticles observed in cells containing nanoparticles, mean ±SEM.