Results of regressions of independent contrasts of life history and phenotype variables assuming that the islands of Niijima, Shikine, and Toshima were colonized more than once (as indicated by the phylogeny in Fig. 2).

Positive or negative values of T indicate that the relationships are positive or negative, respectively. P-values ≤0.05 are in bold, and P-values that are significant after table-wide sequential Bonferroni-correction are in indicated with an asterisk.