NOAA-Navy Sanctuary Soundscape Monitoring Project, Blue Whale Sound Production, Florida Keys, SanctSound_FK01_01_bluewhale_1d

NOAA and the U.S. Navy are working to better understand underwater sound within the U.S. National Marine Sanctuary System. From 2018 to 2021, these agencies will work with numerous scientific partners to study sound within seven national marine sanctuaries and one marine national monument, which includes waters off Hawai'i and the east and west coasts. Standardized measurements will assess sounds produced by marine animals, physical processes (e.g., wind and waves), and human activities. Collectively, this information will help NOAA and the Navy measure sound levels and baseline acoustic conditions in sanctuaries. This work is a continuation of ongoing Navy and NOAA research, including efforts by NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries This dataset represents the derived products from the raw acoustic data that are archived at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
abstract=This record represents blue whale sound production detected from raw passive acoustic data. The Low Frequency Detection and Classification System (LFDCS) call library for blue whales was built for the data sampled at 120 Hz, and created for A, B, and AB phrases. All detections with a Mahalanobis distance of 5.0 or less were manually screened. Daily presence for blue whales was confirmed if there were three song phrases visible, including at least one true detection. Only accepting detections when three or more phrases occurred ensured our confidence in blue whale song presence. These data were recorded at SanctSound Site FK01_01 between December 18, 2018 and April 19, 2019.
acknowledgement=This project received funding from the U.S. Navy.
cdm_data_type=TimeSeries
citation=Cite as: NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries and U.S Navy. 2021. Blue Whale Sound Production Recorded at SanctSound Site FK01_01, SanctSound Data Products. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Accessed [date]. DOI: https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.25921/kw3p-w505
comment=Data quality: The fixed hydrophone mooring was turned over on December 20th, 2018 and was not returned upright until March 26th, 2019; during this time the hydrophone was in contact with the seafloor. Reductions in sound levels (received levels) in frequencies above 1 kHz were observed from 2018-12-20 20:00:00 until 2019-03-26 14:45:00. Levels may differ from what would be expected if the hydrophone was not moved or impacted by these two events.

contributor_name=Simone Baumann-Pickering, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Leila Hatch, NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; John Joseph, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School; Anke Kuegler, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa; Marc Lammers, NOAA Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary; Tetyana Margolina, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School; Karlina Merkens, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Lindsey Peavey Reeves, NOAA Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary; Timothy Rowell, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Jenni Stanley, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Alison Stimpert, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories; Sofie Van Parijs, NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Eden Zang,NOAA Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary
contributor_role=Principal Investigator
Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
featureType=TimeSeries
geospatial_bounds=POINT (24.43313 -81.93068)
history=All acoustic data were processed using the Low Frequency Detection and Classification System (LFDCS; Baumgartner and Mussoline, 2011), which creates conditioned spectrograms using a short-time Fourier transform with a data frame of 512 samples and 75% overlap (80% overlap for the 120 Hz decimated data (blue and fin whales)), resulting in a time step of 64 ms and frequency resolution of 3.9 Hz (for 120 Hz data: 853 ms time step and 0.23 Hz frequency resolution). After tracing contour lines, or “pitch tracks”, through tonal sounds, the program uses multivariate discriminant function analysis to classify the pitch tracks into species-specific call types based on a call library. Each detection is assigned a Mahalanobis distance (MD), which measures the deviation of a sound’s pitch track from the assigned call type (see Baumgartner and Mussoline (2011) for a more complete description). A lower MD indicates a closer match to the assigned call type. For a well-developed call type in the LFDCS (i.e., the seven attributes used in the discriminant function analysis are multivariate normal), 75% of pitch-tracks for the call type will have a MD of 3.0 or less (Baumgartner et al., 2013). Setting a MD threshold is necessary to minimize the false detection rates, but in doing so causes some true detections to be missed in the analysis. The MD threshold of 3.0 was chosen for all vocalizations detected and classified in the humpback, sei, and fin whale call library. However, for blue whales, false detection rates were lower than any of the other species, thus a MD of 5.0 was chosen to decrease the probability of missing true detections. All LFDCS detections were manually reviewed by trained acoustic analysts to determine daily presence of each of the four baleen whale species. A true detection was defined as a pitch track that correctly classified a call or song unit to the species that produced it (Bonnell et al., 2016). Given the variability of each species' call type, the specific methodology to determine daily acoustic presence was different for each species. The LFDCS call library for blue whales was built for the data sampled at 120 Hz, and created for A, B, and AB phrases (as described by Mellinger and Clark (2003); Figure 2d). All detections with a MD of 5.0 or less were manually screened. Daily presence for blue whales was confirmed if there were three song phrases visible, including at least one true detection. Only accepting detections when three or more phrases occurred ensured our confidence in blue whale song presence. Data were processed with LFDCS
id=http://doi.org/10.25921/kw3p-w505
infoUrl=https://ncei.noaa.gov
institution=NOAA
instrument=SoundTrap ST500
keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords
naming_authority=NOAA-Navy
project=NOAA-Navy Sanctuary Soundscape Monitoring Project
sourceUrl=(local files)
standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55

美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）与美国海军合作，致力于深入理解美国国家海洋保护区系统内的水下声音。自2018年至2021年，这些机构将与众多科学合作伙伴携手研究七个国家海洋保护区和一处海洋国家纪念地内的声音，涵盖夏威夷群岛以及东海岸和西海岸的海域。通过标准化测量，评估海洋动物、物理过程（例如风浪）以及人类活动产生的声音。这些信息的综合将有助于NOAA和海军测量保护区内的声音水平和声学基准条件。此研究是海军和NOAA持续研究工作的延续，包括NOAA国家海洋保护区办公室的努力。该数据集代表了存档于NOAA国家环境信息中心的原始声学数据的衍生产品。