Quantum-sensing-enabled Chemical and Biological Metrology

Quantum sensing is driving the chemical and biological measurements into a new era. This paper systematically introduces the underlying logic and representative systems of quantum chemical measurements. Quantum chemical measurement employs the superposition or entanglement of quantum systems—such as electrons，photons，atoms，and molecules—as probes. These probes are initialized，manipulated，and read out via optical and microwave techniques，enabling the transduction of physical-field signals generated by chemical and biological systems into precisely decodable quantum signals，and thereby allowing in situ，real-time，and high-precision measurement and imaging. This interdisciplinary direction achieves a deep integration of quantum physics，analytical chemistry，and biological physics，signifying a profound transformation of chemical metrology from classical measurements to quantum sensing.