Characteristics of mothers, pregnancies, neonates and fathers. Data presented as mean (SD) or n (%).

aWestern Europe (n = 229, 7 from other Scandinavian countries than Norway, 5 with other Western-European background (3 born in North America)).
bWomen with ethnic origin from low- and middle-income countries in Asia, Middle East, Africa and south/central-America.
(includes two women from East Asian countries now classified as high income countries).
cHELLP: severe complication to preeclampsia (HEmolysis, ELevated liver enzymes and Low Platelet count).
dComposite of four birth complications; meconium-stained amniotic fluid, Apgar <7 after 5 min, grade 3–4 perineal tear or acute caesarean section.
eBased on last menstrual period for all births in study sample, includes 37 with ultrasound-derived term.
fSmall for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA), calculated from Norwegian national references, stratified by GW and sex.
gMissing in 43 (8%) neonates, mostly due to intrauterine breech position, family history of hip-dysplasia or other circumstances restricting stretching of the baby.