Deep sequencing data for document titled: Rolling circle RNA synthesis catalysed by RNA

RNA-catalysed RNA replication is widely considered a key step in the
emergence of life’s first genetic system. However, RNA replication can be
impeded by the extraordinary stability of duplex RNA products, which must
be dissociated for re-initiation of the next replication cycle. Here we
have explored rolling circle synthesis (RCS) as a potential solution to
this strand separation problem. RCS on small circular RNAs - as indicated
by molecular dynamics simulations - induces a progressive build-up of
conformational strain with destabilisation of nascent strand 5’ and 3’
ends. At the same time, we observe sustained RCS by a triplet polymerase
ribozyme on small circular RNAs over multiple orbits with strand
displacement yielding concatemeric RNA products. Furthermore, we show RCS
of a circular Hammerhead ribozyme capable of self-cleavage and
re-circularisation. Thus, all steps of a viroid-like RNA replication
pathway can be catalysed by RNA alone. Our results have implications for
the emergence of RNA replication and for understanding the potential of
RNA to support complex genetic processes.