Pierre Robin Sequence

Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS): A Comprehensive Review This review provides a comprehensive overview of Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS), a congenital craniofacial condition characterized by mandibular hypoplasia, glossoptosis, and frequently a U-shaped cleft palate, leading to varying degrees of upper airway obstruction and feeding difficulties. The paper explains the developmental basis of PRS as a sequence rather than a syndrome and explores its embryology, anatomy, epidemiology, etiology, and genetic associations. The review summarizes current diagnostic approaches, severity assessment, and both conservative and surgical management strategies, including airway support techniques, feeding interventions, tongue–lip adhesion, mandibular distraction osteogenesis, and tracheostomy. It also discusses the long-term dental, orthodontic, speech, hearing, and craniofacial implications of the condition, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary care from infancy through adulthood. Prepared according to the academic standards of Iraqi dental colleges, this review integrates current scientific literature with dedicated chapters on advanced monitoring, structured clinical management, future research directions, and the long-term role of dental professionals. It aims to serve as a valuable educational resource for dental students, clinicians, and healthcare professionals involved in the diagnosis and management of Pierre Robin Sequence.