Means, standard deviation (SD), <i>p-</i>values and direction of change for breathing parameters during conditions of control (no feedback modulation or chest compression), feedback modulation alone (e.g. vagotomy), chest compression alone (without feedback modulation), and chest compression (CC) during feedback modulation conditions for both male and female groups.

The left half of the table shows data comparing control conditions (no feedback modulation) to conditions adding vagotomy (A), nebulized lidocaine (B), or pleural injection of lidocaine (C), while the right half compares chest compression with the addition of each intervention. Diaphragm amplitude is normalized to maximum of control and shown as a percentage. Respiratory rate (RR) was calculated as number of cycles within a 30 second period multiplied by 2. Reported p-values are from Student’s paired t-test. Significance is bolded at p-values ≤ 0.05 and p-values of 0.05 < x ≤ 0.07 indicating trends are italicized.